Figure 3.

Exosome-based Cell-free approach for cardiac regeneration. Exosomes represent novel potential protective and regenerative cell-free therapies, carrying and delivering mRNAs, miRNAs and proteins to the damaged heart tissue, interacting with endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and resident cardiac/progenitor cells within the heart upon transplantation, resulting in enhanced resident cardiac stem cell activation/expansion, cardiomyocyte survival and new formation, angiogenesis and modulation of cardiac inflammatory response, thereby increasing endogenous tissue repair/regenerative response to injury.