Akt	protein kinase B
AP-1	activator protein 1
Apaf-1	apoptotic protease activating factor 1
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
Bad	Bcl-2-associated death promoter,
Bak	Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer
Bax	Bcl-2-associated X protein
Bcl-2;	B-cell lymphoma 2
Bcl-XL	B-cell lymphoma-extra-large
Cdc42	cell division control protein 42 homolog
CDK-1	cyclin-dependent kinase-1
CDK-2	cyclin-dependent kinase-2
CDK-4	cyclin-dependent kinase-4
CDK-6	cyclin-dependent kinase-6
ChREBP	carbohydrate responsive element binding protein
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FADD	Fas-associated death domain
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
HMGB1	high-mobility group box1
JAK	Janus kinase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDM2	mouse double minute 2 homolog
MKK6	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin,
Nrf-2	Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
p70S6K	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1
PI3K	phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog
Rac1	Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
RAGE	receptor of advanced glycation end product
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SAPK	stress-activated protein kinases
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TRADD	tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGF-C	vascular endothelial growth factor C.