Table 3.
Role of the S100 family-receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) axis in cancer progression.
| S100 Type | Cell Lines/Samples | Study Type | Mechanisms of Action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S100A4 | Human osteosarcoma (II-11b) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [96] |
| Human melanoma (A375) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [127] | |
| Human pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [74] | |
| Human pancreatic carcinoma (MiaPACA-2) | In vitro | ↑VEGF | [103] | |
| Human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116, SW620, and DLD-1) | In vitro | ↑ERK | [95] | |
| Human melanoma (B16-F10) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [97] | |
| Human colorectal carcinoma (SW480 and LoVo) | In vitro | ↑Akt, ↑mTOR, ↑p70S6K, ↑VEGF, ↓E-cadherin | [101] | |
| Thyroid cancer (human specimens) | In vitro | ↑Cdc42, ↑ERK | [109] | |
| Human melanoma (A375) | In vitro | ↓E-cadherin | [116] | |
| Human melanoma (A375) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [128] | |
| S100A6 | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (human specimens) | In vivo | ↑p38 | [107] |
| S100A7 | Human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-468) | In vitro | ↑VEGF | [102] |
| Aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (human specimens) | In vivo | ↑ERK, ↑NF-κB, ↑MMP9 | [108] | |
| Human cervical cancer derived (C33A, HeLa, SiHa, and Caski) | In vitro | ↑ERK | [129] | |
| S100A8 | Human prostate cancer (LNCaP and PC-3) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB, ↑p38, ↑ERK1/2 | [105] |
| Esophageal pre-neoplasia in the rat | In vivo | ↑NF-κB | [130] | |
| Colon carcinoma (MC38) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB, ↑ERK1/2, ↑SAPK/JNK | [106] | |
| Oral-esophageal tumor in mice | In vivo | ↑NF-κB | [114] | |
| Human breast cancer (MCF-7 and T47D) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [98] | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma in mice | In vivo | ↑ERK | [131] | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma (human specimens) | In vivo | ↑p38, ↑SAPK/JNK, ↑ERK1/2 | [132] | |
| S100A9 | Human prostate cancer (LNCaP and PC-3) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB, ↑p38, ↑ERK1/2 | [105] |
| Colon carcinoma (MC38) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB, ↑ERK1/2, ↑SAPK/JNK | [106] | |
| Human breast cancer (MCF-7 and T47D) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [98] | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma in mice | In vivo | ↑ERK | [131] | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma (human specimens) | In vivo | ↑p38, ↑SAPK/JNK, ↑ERK1/2 | [132] | |
| Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2, SMMC-7721 and Huh7) | In vitro | ↑p-p38, ↑p-ERK1/2 | [133] | |
| S100A14 | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE180) | In vitro | ↑ERK1/2, ↑NF-κB | [115] |
| S100A16 | Human prostate cancer (DU-145, LNCaP, and PC-3) | In vitro | ↑Akt, ↑ERK, ↓p21, ↓p27 | [121] |
| S100B | Human melanoma (WM115) | In vitro | ↓p53 | [119] |
| Human large cell lung carcinoma (H1299) | In vitro | ↓p53 | [117] | |
| Human breast cancer (MCF-7) | In vitro | ↓p53 | [117] | |
| Human colorectal carcinoma (SW480) | In vitro | ↑ERK1/2 | [134] | |
| Human malignant melanoma (C8146A) | In vitro | ↓p53 | [118] | |
| Human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) | In vitro | ↑PI3K/Akt, ↑NF-κB | [113] | |
| Human malignant melanoma (C8146A) | In vitro | ↓p53 | [135] | |
| Murine glioma (GL261) | In vitro | ↑STAT3 | [125] | |
| Ovarian cancer stem-like cell | In vitro | ↓p53 | [120] | |
| Glioma (C6) | In vitro | ↑Akt1, ↑STAT3 | [124] | |
| S100P | Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (BxPC-3 and MPanc-96) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [136] |
| Human colon cancer (SW480) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB, ↑ERK1/2 | [104] | |
| Human pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [74] | |
| Human colorectal carcinoma (LS174T and SW480) | In vitro | ↑miR-155 | [137] | |
| Human pancreatic carcinoma (BxPC3) | In vitro | ↑MMP9 | [111] | |
| Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | In vitro | ↑NF-κB | [138] | |
| Human colorectal carcinoma (SW480 and LS174T) | In vitro | ↑c-Fos, ↑AP-1, ↑miR-21 | [139] | |
| Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (C666-1) | In vitro | ↑MMP2, ↑MMP9 | [112] |
Akt; protein kinase B, AP-1; activator protein 1, Cdc42; cell division control protein 42 homolog, ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase, JNK; c-Jun N-terminal kinase, MMPs; matrix metalloproteinases, mTOR; mammalian target of rapamycin, NF-κB; nuclear factor kappa B, p70S6K; ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1, SAPK; stress-activated protein kinases, STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, VEGF; vascular endothelial growth factor.The arrow pointing up (↑) means increase or upregulation. The arrow pointing down (↓) means decrease or downregulation.