Table 2.
Effect of calmodulin on MAPK and Rac1 activation in different cell lines. The impact of calmodulin on the activity of the MAPK pathway in different cell lines using calmodulin-specific inhibitors is shown. Some of the cell lines listed here, often in separate studies, have also been analyzed for Rac1 signalling and wherever possible, the outcome of Ca2+/calmodulin mediated activation of Rac1 is also listed. See text for further details. (-, inhibition; +, activation; ND, not determined).
| Cell Type (Species) | Ca2+/Calmodulin Effects | |
|---|---|---|
| MAPK Pathway (Refs) | Rac1 Activity (Refs) | |
| NIH3T3 fibroblasts (mouse) |
- [144] |
+ [157] |
| Swiss3T3 fibroblasts (mouse) |
- [19] |
+ [158] |
| HeLa (cervix carcinoma, human) |
- [145] |
+ [21] |
| NRK (kidney epithelial, rat) |
- [144] |
ND |
| A431 (epidermoid carcinoma, human) |
- [142] |
ND |
| COS1 fibroblasts (kidney, monkey) |
+ [143] |
+ [22] |
| CHO (epithelial ovary, hamster) |
+ [143] |
ND |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney, human) |
+ [142] |
ND |
| PC12 (adrenal phaeochromocytoma, rat) |
+ [156] |
ND |
| Primary hepatocytes (rat) |
+ [155] |
ND |