Table 4.

Chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of OS [25].

Agent	Mechanism of Action	Side Effects
DOX	Intercalation at points of local uncoiling of the DNA double helix and inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis	Cardiomyopathy, emesis, alopecia, mucositis, myelosuppression
Cisplatin	Formation of DNA cross-links with inhibition of the synthesis of the tumor DNA and denaturation of DNA double helix	Acute/chronic renal failure, ototoxicity, emesis, myelosuppression, alopecia, hypomagnesemia
Ifosfamide, with mesna	Cross-linking of DNA strands with inhibition of DNA/protein synthesis	Hemorrhagic cystitis, renal failure, myelosuppression, alopecia, emesis, encephalopathy
High-dose methotrexate (MTX), with leucovorin calcium rescue	Inhibition of purine/thymidylic acid synthesis by binding dihydrofolate reductase	Renal failure, mucositis, myelosuppression, nervous system effects (rare)