ALT	alanine transaminase
AH	alcoholic hepatitis
ALD	alcoholic liver disease
ASH	alcoholic steatohepatitis
cfDNA	cell-free DNA
CCL2	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
CXCL1	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1
CHB	chronic hepatitis B virus
CHC	chronic hepatitis C virus
cccDNA	covalently closed circular DNA
dsDNA	double-stranded DNA
ESCRT	endosomal sorting complexes required for transport
EV	extracellular vesicle
GWAS	genome-wide association study
HSC	hepatic stellate cell
HAV	hepatitis A virus
HBV	hepatitis B virus
HCV	hepatitis C virus
HGV	hepatitis G virus
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
Hcy	homocysteine
HuH	human hepatocyte-derived carcinoma cell
ILV	intraluminal vesicle
lncRNA	long non-coding RNA
LPC	lysophosphatidylcholine
LPC	lysophosphatidylcholine
MSC	mesenchymal stem cell
mRNA	messenger RNA
MICA	MHC class I chain-related A
MPs/MVs	microparticles/microvesicles
miRNA	microRNA
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
MVB	multivesicular body
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
PA	palmitic acid
PBMC	peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PPARγ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
pgRNA	pre-genomic RNA
SNP	single nucleotide polymorphism
ssDNA	single-stranded DNA
sMICA	soluble MICA
S1P	sphingosine 1 phosphate
SK2	sphingosine kinase 2
TLR9	toll-like receptor 9
TAG	triacylglycerol
TG	triacylglycerol
TNFRSF10B	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B
VLDL	very-low-density lipoprotein
HSPG	heparan sulfate proteoglycans
L-SIGN	liver/lymph node-specific intracellular adhesion molecules-3 grabbing non-integrin
DC-SIGN	dendritic cell–specific ICAM-3 grabbing-nonintegrin
LDL-R	low-density lipoprotein receptor
TfR1	transferrin receptor
NPC1L1	NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1
CD81	cluster of differentiation 81
CLDN-1	claudin 1
SR-B1	scavenger receptor class B type 1
OCLN	occludin
Ago2	argonaute RISC catalytic component 2
ACC	acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ALKP	alkaline phosphatase
TNFα	tumor necrosis factor alpha
Tsg101	tumor susceptibility 101