The antioxidant effect of E15 is related to heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The antioxidant effect was determined by immunostaining of HO-1 after rI/R in the timeline. (A) Sham group at 48 h; (B) rI/R-veh at 6, 24, and 48 h after rI/R (upper panel), and rI/R-E15 at the same times (bottom panel). Red arrows indicate its cytoplasmic distribution and their nuclei stained with DAPI (blue). In (C), shows a Box-and-whisker plot of (median, first-third quartile, minimum- maximum value) with the percentage of HO-1 staining intensity in all groups. * p < 0.05 compared to rI/R-veh and α
p < 0.01 compared to rI/R-veh and rI/R-E15 at 48 h. Scale bar = 100 μm.