Table 1.

Influence of TG2 inhibitors and anti-TG2 antibodies on the biological responses induced by P31-43 and on P31-43 uptake.

Biological Process Investigated	In Vitro Model Employed	TG2 Inhibitor or Antibody Employed	Effects Observed	TG2 Activity Involvement?
P31-43-induced proliferation	Caco-2 cells	MDC/cystamine [56] R281(unpublished data)	Inhibitors have no effect on P31-43 induced proliferation	TG2 activity seems not to be involved
		Anti-TG2 antibody CUB7402 [56]	Reduction of proliferation at low doses of antibody	TG2 activity seems not to be involved; antibodies reduce P31-43 uptake
P57-68-T cell activation after the treatment with P31-43	CD intestinal biopsies	R283 [46]	Reduction of T cell activation	TG2 activity appears involved
P57-68 -induced INF-γ production after the treatment with P31-43	T84 cells co-culture	Anti-TG2 antibody CUB7402 [96]	CUB7402 prevents INF-γ production	Maybe CUB7402 is reducing P31-43 uptake
PPAR-γ down-regulation induced by P31-43	CD (but not control) intestinal biopsies	Cystamine [92]	Reduction of PPAR-γ down-regulation	TG2 activity appears involved
Increased kainate neurotoxicity induced by P31-43	Mice hippocampal slides	Z-DON [100]	Reduction of kainate cytotoxicity	TG2 activity appears involved
P31-43-induced apoptosis	CD intestinal (but not control) intestinal biopsies and T84 cells	R283 and CUB7402 [46]	No effect on apoptosis	TG2 activity seems not to be involved
P31-43 endocytosis	Caco-2 cells	MDC/cystamine [56]	No effect on P31-43 endocytosis	TG2 activity seems not to be involved
P31-43 transcytosis	Caco-2 cells	R281 [103]	No effect on P31-43 transcytosis	TG2 activity seems not to be involved