Reactivity of the serum of mice immunized with globotetraosylceramide containing very-long-chain fatty acids (Gb4Cer-VLCFAs) against Gb4Cer. (A) Chemical structure of Gb4Cer containing C24:0 VLCFA. (B) Mice were immunized with Gb4Cer-VLCFAs using a liposome method as described in Materials and Methods, and serum samples prepared 3 days after the first subcutaneous immunization (1st) and the second (2nd) and third (3rd) intraperitoneal immunizations were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BG, serum from un-treated mice; Gb4+, serum from mice immunized with Gb4Cer-containing liposomes; Gb4−, serum from mice immunized with Gb4Cer-free liposomes. Error bars: mean ± S.D. (n = 3–5). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 BG vs. each serum or 1st vs. 3rd (red line).