Figure 1.

(a) 3D retractor model, 3D printer and 3D real object fabricated by fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology, (b) schematic illustration of the jacketed vessel reactor and all the equipment used for the sonochemical reaction and AgNP growth onto the polylactic acid (PLA) retractor surface (change in retractor color after the immobilization of AgNPs), and (c) analytic illustration of the reaction mechanism taken place to realize the growth and in-situ deposition of AgNPs to the PLA surface.