Table 1. Participant characteristics.

Participant ID	Family member(s) living with participant	Number of years of eating alone	Psychological statusa	Trigger(s) of eating alone
A	Son	15	2	Family structure changes Time lag for eating
B	Spouse	7–8	3	Bad relationships with family members
C	Younger brother and sister-in-law	17	4	Family structure changes
D	Spouse and daughter	20	NA	Time lag for eating
E	Son	25	5	Family structure changes Time lag for eating
F	Spouse and son	5–6	2	Time lag for eating
G	Spouse and son	10	5	Family structure changes Time lag for eating
H	Spouse	4	6	Family structure changes Time lag for eating Bad relationships with family members
I	Spouse	30	12	Family structure changes Bad relationships with family members
J	Son	13	1	Family structure changes Time lag for eating
K	Son	22	3	Time lag for eating Bad relationships with family members
L	Spouse	20	13	Time lag for eating
M	Spouse	10	12	Time lag for eating Bad relationships with family members
N	Son	18	5	Time lag for eating
O	Spouse	20	2	Time lag for eating

^aScores of geriatric depression scale are shown. Higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms.