Table 3.
Genetically Manipulated Rodent Models
| Species | Mouse | Rat | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modified gene | NGF/17NF overexpression | hCGb subunit overexpression | IR/LepRPOMC knockout | JCR:LA-cp LepR defect |
| Traits approximating or biomarkers for criteria used for PCOS diagnosis in women (at least 2 out of 3 required) | ||||
| Intermittent or absent ovulatory cycles | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Elevated endogenous androgen levels or biomarkers of elevated androgens | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Polyfollicular ovaries | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
| Traits accompanying PCOS | ||||
| 1. Ovary | ||||
| ↑ Ovary weight or size | ✖ | ✖ | ||
| ↑ Preantral /antral follicles | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | |
| Antral follicle arrest | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
| ↑ Follicle atresia | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
| ↑ Theca cell layer thickness | ✔ | ✖ | ||
| ↓ Oocyte maturation or developmental competence | ✔ | ✔ | ||
| ↓ Fertility or fecundity | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
| 2. Neuroendocrine regulation | ||||
| ↑ LH or ↑ LH:FSH ratio | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | |
| 3. Metabolic traits | ||||
| ↑ Body weight | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| ↑ Body fat or BMI | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✔ |
| Adipocyte hypertrophy | ✔ | |||
| Dyslipidemia | ✔ | |||
| Insulin resistance/ hyperinsulinemia | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
| Glucose intolerance | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
| 4. References | (137, 138) | (139) | (140, 141) | (142) |
Abbreviations: hCGb, human chorionic gonadotropin subunit β; IR/LepRPOMC knockout, mice lacking leptin and insulin receptors in pro-opiomelanocortin neurons; LepR, leptin receptor; NGF, nerve growth factor.
✔, PCOS-like trait present; ✖, PCOS-like trait not present; “blank,” not reported by investigators in publication.