Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Admitted Patients Stratified by History of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, or Neither
| All Patients (n = 2,736) | Cardiovascular Disease History |
p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Risk Factors (n = 1,374) | Risk Factors (n = 706) | Cardiovascular Disease (n = 656) | |||
| Female | 1,106 (40.4) | 521 (37.9) | 309 (43.8) | 276 (42.1) | 0.022 |
| Age, yrs | 66.40 ± 15.80 | 61.54 ± 16.72 | 65.74 ± 13.75 | 72.98 ± 12.81 | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 634 (23.2) | 316 (23.0) | 130 (18.4) | 188 (28.7) | |
| African American | 700 (25.6) | 323 (23.5) | 201 (28.5) | 176 (26.8) | |
| Asian | 105 (3.8) | 48 (3.5) | 28 (4.0) | 29 (4.4) | |
| Pacific Islander | 29 (1.1) | 8 (0.6) | 12 (1.7) | 9 (1.4) | |
| Other | 1,157 (42.3) | 602 (43.8) | 318 (45.0) | 237 (36.1) | |
| Unknown race | 111 (4.1) | 77 (5.6) | 17 (2.4) | 17 (2.6) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.001 | ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 762 (27.9) | 389 (28.3) | 214 (30.3) | 159 (24.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 1,622 (59.3) | 789 (57.4) | 401 (56.8) | 432 (65.9) | |
| Unknown ethnicity | 352 (12.9) | 196 (14.3) | 91 (12.9) | 65 (9.9) | |
| Clinical covariates | |||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.8 ± 6.5 | 29.90 ± 6.51 | 30.40 ± 6.66 | 29.90 ± 6.51 | 0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB use | 601 (22.0) | 130 (9.5) | 211 (29.9) | 260 (39.6) | <0.001 |
| Statin use | 984 (36.0) | 278 (20.2) | 312 (44.2) | 394 (60.1) | <0.001 |
| CURB-65 score | 1.26 ± 1.10 | 1.00 ± 1.07 | 1.29 ± 1.04 | 1.77 ± 1.03 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory values | |||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.70 (11.30–13.90) | 13.00 (11.80–14.0) | 12.40 (11.00–13.80) | 12.30 (10.47–13.50) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte, % | 13.20 (8.12–20.30) | 13.10 (8.10–20.10) | 13.90 (8.50–21.20) | 12.90 (7.68–19.72) | 0.133 |
| D-dimer, μg/ml | 1.43 (0.79–2.75) | 1.29 (0.73–2.68) | 1.51 (0.85–2.82) | 1.64 (0.91–2.81) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer above 1 μg/ml | 1,453 (66.2) | 686 (61.9) | 410 (69.6) | 357 (71.8) | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 126.69 (63.71–214.20) | 138.71 (72.36–223.43) | 117.88 (61.33–213.63) | 113.34 (53.74–193.88) | <0.001 |
| Creatine kinase, U/l | 177.50 (83.25–502.50) | 218.00 (93.00–487.25) | 163.00 (70.75–549.0) | 131.50 (79.00–425.75) | 0.422 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/l | 441.00 (332.0–592.0) | 456.00 (351.25–611.75) | 436.00 (329.00–574.0) | 409.50 (305.00–553.50) | <0.001 |
| Ferritin, ng/l | 780.50 (376–1,899) | 814.00 (417.0–1,903.0) | 743.00 (356.0–1,850.0) | 765.00 (326.50–1,906.0) | 0.12 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 0.21 (0.09–0.69) | 0.20 (0.09–0.57) | 0.20 (0.09–0.72) | 0.29 (0.10–0.95) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.98 (0.75–1.58) | 0.87 (0.70–1.20) | 1.06 (0.78–1.88) | 1.30 (0.90–2.54) | <0.001 |
| Prothrombin time, s | 14.30 (13.50–15.60) | 14.10 (13.50–15.10) | 14.10 (13.30–15.17) | 15.10 (13.90–17.17) | <0.001 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 32.90 (29.52–37.90) | 32.30 (29.30–36.20) | 32.00 (29.25–36.55) | 35.70 (31.20–42.27) | 0.002 |
| Albumin, g/dl | 3.00 (2.60–3.30) | 3.00 (2.60–3.30) | 3.00 (2.60–3.30) | 3.00 (2.60–3.30) | 0.703 |
| Bilirubin (total), mg/dl | 0.60 (0.40–0.80) | 0.60 (0.40–0.80) | 0.50 (0.40–0.70) | 0.60 (0.40–0.90) | 0.002 |
| Sodium, mEq/l | 138.00 (135.0–141.0) | 138.00 (135.0–140.0) | 138.00 (135.0–141.0) | 138.00 (135.0–141.0) | 0.057 |
| Tachycardia (heart rate >100 beats/min) | 647 (23.6) | 357 (26.0) | 166 (23.5) | 124 (18.9) | 0.002 |
| Fever (>38.0°C) | 517 (18.9) | 283 (20.6) | 143 (20.3) | 91 (13.9) | 0.001 |
| Hypotension (SBP <100 mm Hg) | 228 (8.3) | 111 (8.1) | 58 (8.2) | 59 (9.0) | 0.762 |
| SBP >160 mm Hg | 227 (8.3) | 84 (6.1) | 68 (9.6) | 75 (11.5) | <0.001 |
Values are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).
Abbreviations as in Table 1.