Table 4.
Lifetime Mental Health Service Utilization and Reason for Emergency Department (ED) Visit in Relation to Demographics and Latent Classes (Adjusted Odds Ratios [OR])
| Psychiatric Hospitalization | Psychiatric Medication | Outpatient Therapy | ED Visit – Psychiatric Complaint | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | p | OR | p | OR | p | OR | p | |
| Age in years | 0.98 (0.91, 1.07) | 0.70 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | 0.30 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) | 0.27 | 0.92 (0.84, 1.00) | 0.049 |
| Sex | 0.06 | 0.49 | 0.63 | 0.054 | ||||
| Male Participants | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | ||||
| Female Participants | 1.33 (0.99, 1.78) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.18) | 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) | 0.74 (0.55, 1.00) | ||||
| Race | 0.08 | <.001 | <.001 | 0.09 | ||||
| White | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | ||||
| Black | 0.69 (0.50, 0.95) | 0.33 (0.25, 0.45) | 0.30 (0.22, 0.41) | 0.73 (0.52, 1.02) | ||||
| Other/Unknown | 0.87 (0.59, 1.27) | 0.70 (0.50, 0.99) | 0.83 (0.57, 1.21) | 0.74 (0.50, 1.09) | ||||
| Ethnicity | 0.12 | <.001 | <.001 | 0.08 | ||||
| Not Hispanic/Latino | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 0.68 (0.47, 0.98) | 0.52 (0.38, 0.71) | 0.44 (0.31, 0.61) | 0.69 (0.48, 1.00) | ||||
| Unknown | 0.96 (0.55, 1.66) | 1.01 (0.61, 1.67) | 0.75 (0.44, 1.25) | 1.22 (0.72, 2.07) | ||||
| Latent Classes | <.001 | <.001 | 0.003 | <.001 | ||||
| HX-STB | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | ||||
| HX-STB+AGG | 1.70 (1.11, 2.58) | 1.94 (1.30, 2.88) | 1.50 (0.98, 2.32) | 2.50 (1.62, 3.88) | ||||
| STB | 0.99 (0.66, 1.47) | 1.53 (1.09, 2.15) | 1.25 (0.87, 1.81) | 7.43 (5.21, 10.61) | ||||
| S-STB | 1.76 (1.28, 2.43) | 1.92 (1.42, 2.59) | 1.71 (1.21, 2.41) | 29.30 (20.23, 42.44) | ||||
| S-STB+AGG | 2.60 (1.70, 3.97) | 3.22 (2.06, 5.03) | 2.15 (1.29, 3.60) | 23.43 (14.38, 38.17) | ||||
Note: 95% Confidence intervals provided for odds ratios. S-STB+AGG= Severe Suicidal Thoughts/Behavior + Aggression; S-STB= Severe Suicidal Thoughts/Behavior; STB= Suicidal Thoughts/Behavior; HX-STB+AGG= History of Suicidal Thoughts/Behavior + Aggression; HX-STB= History of Suicidal Thoughts/Behavior.