Table 2.
Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 50 cirrhotic patients enrolled in the study.
| Characteristics | Patients (n = 50) |
|---|---|
| Respiratory symptoms | |
| Cough | 18 (36) |
| Shortness of breath/polypnea | 21 (42) |
| Systemic signs and symptoms | |
| Fever | 32 (64) |
| Fatigue | 30 (60) |
| Acute hepatic encephalopathy | 11 (22) |
| Myalgia/arthralgia | 10 (20) |
| Diarrhoea | 5 (10) |
| Acute kidney impairment | 2 (4) |
| Headache | 1 (2) |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | |
| >400 | 14 (28) |
| >300-≤400 | 10 (20) |
| >200-≤300 | 12 (24) |
| >100-≤200 | 11 (22) |
| ≤100 | 3 (6) |
| Suggestive features of COVID-19 pneumonia at imaging | |
| Chest radiography | 22/37 (59) |
| Chest computed tomography | 24/35 (69) |
| Blood tests | |
| Hepatitic flares§ | 6 (12) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L∗ | 323 (267–408) |
| D-dimer, mg/L∗ | 1,850 (1,092–4,232) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 5 (3–15) |
| Ferritin, ng/ml | 800 (404–1,567) |
| Grades of ACLF# | |
| No ACLF | 36 (72) |
| ACLF Ia | 3 (6) |
| ACLF Ib | 5 (10) |
| ACLF II | 5 (10) |
| ACLF III | 1 (2) |
| CLIF-OF score | 7 (4–9) |
| CLIF-C ACLF score | 64 (61–67) |
| Hospitalization status | |
| Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 | 38 (76) |
| Already hospitalized for different reasons | 10 (20) |
| Outpatient clinic management | 2 (4) |
| Respiratory support | |
| High-flow nasal cannula | 12 (24) |
| CPAP or non-invasive positive pressure | 20 (40) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 2 (4) |
| None | 16 (32) |
| Treatments | |
| None | 24 (48) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 9 (18) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 3 (6) |
| Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir | 14 (28) |
Values are reported as n (%) or median (IQR).
according to the EASL-CLIF classification and grades of ACLF; ∗Chest radiography: i.e. bilateral infiltrates and pleural effusion; Chest computed tomography: i.e. bilateral ground-glass opacification, nodules, pleural effusion; §Hepatitic flares: alanine aminotransferase ≥5× the upper limit of normal. ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; CLIF, European Foundation for the study of chronic liver failure; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; EASL, European Association for the Study of the Liver; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; OF, organ failure; PaO2, partial pressure of arterial oxygen; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.