Table 2.
Laboratory findings of patients with COVID-19
| Variables | All patients (n = 674) | Stable (n = 409) | Progression |
p value (stable versus progression) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe (n = 200) | Critical (n = 22) | Deceased (n = 43) | ||||
| WBCs (109/L) | 6.1 (4.6–7.9) | 7.0 (5.4–9.5) | 6.8 (5.1–9.1) | 9.6 (7.3–12.7) | 8.4 (6.1–12.3) | <0.001 |
| >10, n (%) | 76/668 (11.4) | 23/405 (5.7) | 28/200 (14.0) | 8/22 (36.4) | 17/41 (41.5) | |
| <4, n (%) | 91/668 (13.6) | 66/405 (16.3) | 20/200 (10.0) | 1/22 (4.5) | 4/41 (9.8) | |
| Lymphocyte (109/L) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | <0.001 |
| <1.5, n (%) | 455/668 (68.1) | 234/405 (57.9) | 162/200 (81.0) | 22/22 (100.0) | 37/41 (90.2) | <0.001 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 237 (178–303) | 216 (149–277) | 225 (165–284) | 175 (111–289) | 145 (86–226) | <0.001 |
| <150, n (%) | 107/668 (16.0) | 41/405 (10.1) | 36/200 (18.0) | 9/22 (40.9) | 21/41 (51.2) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 123 (112–135) | 124 (114–136) | 122 (110–135) | 128 (111–134) | 122 (109–133) | 0.006 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 8 (2.0–52.1) | 44.89 (7.4–93.5) | 25.5 (5.6–77.1) | 72.1 (25.0–127.4) | 104.3 (42.6–159.6) | <0.001 |
| ≥10, n (%) | 291/638 (45.6) | 108/378 (28.6) | 129/197 (65.5) | 20/22 (90.9) | 34/41 (82.9) | <0.001 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | 0.05 (0.03–0.11) | 0.08 (0.04–0.18) | 0.07 (0.04–0.13) | 0.14 (0.08–0.34) | 0.18 (0.02–0.77) | <0.001 |
| ≥0.5, n (%) | 24/406 (5.9) | 1/178 (0.6) | 6/165 (3.6) | 4/22 (18.2) | 13/41 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 27 (17.6–44.9) | 29.8 (18.2–57.1) | 29.6 (18.1–54.1) | 33.8 (20.8–68.6) | 30.2 (16.9–68.8) | 0.032 |
| >40, n (%) | 207/645 (32.1) | 113/387 (29.2) | 70/195 (35.9) | 10/22 (45.5) | 14/41 (34.1) | 0.054 |
| AST (U/L) | 23 (16.8–33.7) | 27.7 (19.3–42.5) | 26 (19–41) | 31.5 (21.8–40.5) | 31.0 (21.5-47.5) | <0.001 |
| >40, n (%) | 103/595 (17.3) | 39/355 (11.0) | 44/177 (24.9) | 6/22 (27.3) | 14/41 (34.1) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 64.6 (54.5–75.2) | 66.9 (55.8–79.9) | 64.5 (55.2–77.2) | 65.5 (54.2–75.5) | 75.5 (58.4–94.4) | 0.014 |
| >133, n (%) | 18/655 (2.7) | 6/394 (1.5) | 6/198 (30.3) | 0/22 (0.0) | 6/41 (14.6) | 0.018 |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 4.64 (3.7–6.1) | 5.61 (4.1–8.1) | 5.1 (4.0–7.2) | 5.8 (5.0–9.4) | 8.4 (4.9–11.1) | <0.001 |
| >7.1, n (%) | 117/655 (17.9) | 31/394 (7.9) | 54/198 (27.3) | 9/22 (40.9) | 23/41 (56.1) | <0.001 |
| LDH (U/L) | 220.2 (171.9–296.9) | 289.5 (222.1–422.6) | 262 (210–332) | 446 (269–529) | 482 (354–720) | <0.001 |
| >240, n (%) | 255/618 (41.3) | 84/363 (23.1) | 113/192 (58.9) | 20/22 (90.9) | 38/41 (92.7) | <0.001 |
| α-HBDH (U/L) | 179.81 (140.1–245.6) | 244.8 (179.9–346) | 220.6 (162.9–290.6) | 363 (248–453) | 421 (289–608) | <0.001 |
| >200, n (%) | 253/619 (40.9) | 79/364 (21.7) | 115/192 (59.9) | 21/22 (95.5) | 38/41 (92.7) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.8 (0.4–2.2) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 1.3 (0.6–2.9) | 3.9 (1.8–14.2) | 5.2 (0.9–7.7) | <0.001 |
| ≥0.5, n (%) | 300/443 (67.7) | 122/236 (51.7) | 126/153 (82.3) | 21/21 (100.0) | 31/33 (93.9) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; α-HBDH, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PCT, procalcitonin; WBC, white blood cells.Data are median (IQR), n (%), where n is the total number of patients with available data. p values comparing groups are from χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, or Mann–Whitney U test.