Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of all women by glycemic status.
| All (%)† (n = 971) |
Normal Glucose Tolerance (n = 865) | Dysglycemia (n = 106) |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics‡ | |||||
| Age (year)§ | 971 (100.0) | 30.8 ± 3.7 | 30.8 ± 4.0 | 0.97 | |
| Ethnicity | 971 (100.0) | 0.21 | |||
| Chinese | 630 (72.8) | 68 (64.2) | |||
| Malay | 130 (15.0) | 23 (21.7) | |||
| Indian | 75 (8.7) | 12 (11.3) | |||
| Mixed | 30 (3.5) | 3 (2.8) | |||
| Educational level | 971 (100.0) | <0.01 | |||
| No/Primary/Secondary | 98 (11.3) | 16 (15.1) | |||
| Post-secondary | 202 (23.4) | 41 (38.7) | |||
| Tertiary | 565 (65.3) | 49 (46.2) | |||
| Smoking history | 971 (100.0) | 0.55 | |||
| Never | 775 (89.6) | 93 (87.7) | |||
| Previous smoker | 51 (5.9) | 9 (8.5) | |||
| Current smoker | 39 (4.5) | 4 (3.8) | |||
| Employment status | 971 (100.0) | 0.37 | |||
| Unemployed | 119 (13.8) | 18 (17.0) | |||
| Employed | 746 (86.2) | 88 (83.0) | |||
| Shift work | 971 (100.0) | 0.41 | |||
| No/Unemployed | 781 (90.3) | 93 (87.7) | |||
| Yes | 84 (9.7) | 13 (12.3) | |||
| Clinical characteristics‡ | |||||
| Menstrual cycle regularity | 971 (100.0) | <0.01 | |||
| Regular | 576 (66.6) | 53 (50.0) | |||
| Irregular | 289 (33.4) | 53 (50.0) | |||
| Parity | 971 (100.0) | 0.95 | |||
| Nulliparous | 560 (64.7) | 67 (63.2) | |||
| Primiparous | 232 (26.8) | 30 (28.3) | |||
| Multiparous | 73 (8.4) | 9 (8.5) | |||
| Previous history of GDM¶ | 490 (50.4) | 0.06¶ | |||
| No | 411 (95.8) | 55 (90.2) | |||
| Yes | 18 (4.2) | 6 (9.8) | |||
| History of hypertension | 971 (100.0) | 0.08 | |||
| No | 861 (99.5) | 104 (98.1) | |||
| Yes | 4 (0.5) | 2 (1.9) | |||
| Family history of diabetes | 971 (100.0) | 0.33 | |||
| No | 611 (70.6) | 70 (66.0) | |||
| Yes | 254 (29.4) | 36 (34.0) | |||
†Total sample size (n) is not always 971 due to the missing values.
‡ʹ (%).
§Mean ± SD.
¶Excluding nulliparous women.
GDM, Gestational diabetes mellitus.