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. 2020 Jun 8;10:9238. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65732-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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1.7 GHz LTE RF-EMF cell exposure device and its water cooling system. (A) The 1.7 GHz LTE RF-EMF cell exposure device used. (B) A water cooling system for the incubator to forcibly lower the heated water temperature by 1.7 GHz RF-EMF. (C) The chamber of the incubator with a 1.7 GHz RF-EMF LTE antenna. (D) A plate for cell culture dishes in (C) are located 13.6 cm from the conical antenna in the center of the exposure chamber. (E) A diagram of (D) designating the position of the cell dishes for accurate SAR exposure. (F) The SAR conversion table for this RF-EMF exposure device. SAR values for precise exposure conditions were obtained through engineering calculations. (G) The X-axis in the upper and lower graphs represents the real-time at which the RF-EMF is being exposed to cells. The Y-axis in the upper graph represents the SAR value (Watt) of RF-EMF during the exposure. The Y-axis in the bottom graph shows the temperature of the incubator (yellow line) and the temperature of the refrigerated water-cooling system (red line) of the RF-EMF exposure device during experiment.