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. 2020 Jun 8;11:2870. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16676-w

Fig. 4. Late spring conditions prior to the Dust Bowl summers.

Fig. 4

a, b, Composite differences in April–May conditions between the five-member Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) ensemble mean (ATLHIST) and five-member Pacific SST ensemble mean (PACHIST) prior to the Dust Bowl summers for 1930–37. The fields shown are precipitation (colours; a) and 850 hPa moisture flux (vectors; a) and evaporative fraction (b). Stippling on precipitation and evaporative fraction contours indicates significance above the 95% confidence level based on a bootstrap mean difference on 10,000 × 8 April–May samples (resampled). c, d Annual cycle of precipitation (c) and evaporative fraction (d) for the ten-member historical SST members (HIST) and bare-soil model experiments averaged over 1930–1937 and the southern–central US (region in (b); 105°–85°W, 30°–40°N).