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. 2020 Jun 8;10:9211. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66135-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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DFAT cells promote endothelial cell tube formation in vitro. (A) Representative images of collagen beads with mCherry-labelled MS1 cells in the collagen gel 3D culture with DFAT cells on days 0 and 7. Scale = 200 μm. (B,C) Quantification of the area (B) and the tube length (C) of DsRed-positive MS1 cells. (D) Fluorescence microscopic image of the tubules of DsRed-labelled MS1 cells with GFP-labelled DFAT cells. Scale = 200 μm. (E,F) The effect of DFAT cell conditioned media on tube formation ability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells were examined. Representative photomicrographs of tube-like structures in each group. Scale = 200 μm (E). Quantification of total tube length and total tube area in each group (F). Values are represented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05.