Table 2.
Multivariable model of risk factors for probable sarcopenia
| Risk factor | Association between probable sarcopenia and risk factor shown | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | P | |
| BMI category | 0.071 | ||
| < 25 | Reference | ||
| 25–30 | 1.02 | 0.73–1.44 | |
| > 30 | 1.41 | 0.99–2.01 | |
| Number of medications | < 0.001 | ||
| No medications | Reference | ||
| Monopharmacy | 1.08 | 0.66–1.76 | |
| 2–4 medications | 1.22 | 0.82–1.84 | |
| Polypharmacy (5–8 medications) | 2.40 | 1.54–3.79 | |
| Excessive polypharmacy (9 + medications) | 4.42 | 2.31–8.49 | |
| Long-term conditions | 0.225 | ||
| 0 | Reference | ||
| 1 | 1.25 | 0.89–1.76 | |
| 2 + | 1.37 | 0.95–1.99 | |
| Smoker status | 0.638 | ||
| Never smoker | Reference | ||
| Current smoker | 1.27 | 0.76–2.08 | |
| Ex-smoker | 1.10 | 0.81–1.48 | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.275 | ||
| Never, but have drunk alcohol in the past | Reference | ||
| Monthly or less | 1.01 | 0.63–1.63 | |
| Two to four times per month | 0.77 | 0.47–1.26 | |
| Two to three times per week | 0.67 | 0.42–1.08 | |
| 4 or more times a week | 0.82 | 0.52–1.30 | |
| Occupational class | 0.360 | ||
| I or II (high) | Reference | ||
| IV or V (low) | 0.81 | 0.52–1.23 | |
| III (medium) | 1.09 | 0.82–1.45 | |
| Lower body osteoarthritis | 1.89 | 1.35–2.65 | < 0.001 |
| Infrequent consumption of fruit and vegetables | 1.10 | 0.83–1.44 | 0.510 |
| Physical inactivity | 2.06 | 1.55–2.77 | < 0.001 |
N = 1686 in the model shown
CI confidence interval