Table 1.
Mean hemodynamic, pump, and energetic values from in vitro hybrid mock loop HFpEF phenotype experiments.
| Hemodynamic parameter | HFpEF I | HFpEF II | HFpEF III | HFpEF IV | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | CoPulse support | Change (%Change) | Baseline | CoPulse support | Change (%Change) | Baseline | CoPulse support | Change (%Change) | Baseline | CoPulse support | Change (%Change) | |
| AoPmean (mmHg) | 81 | 101 | 20 (25%) | 75 | 90 | 15 (20%) | 76 | 91 | 15 (20%) | 93 | 105 | 12 (13%) |
| LAPmean (mmHg) | 20 | 13 | − 8 (− 27%) | 19 | 13 | − 7 (− 34%) | 24 | 17 | − 7 (− 28%) | 26 | 18 | − 8 (− 30%) |
| PAPmean (mmHg) | 30 | 25 | − 5 (− 16%) | 28 | 24 | − 4 (− 16%) | 31 | 26 | − 5 (− 16%) | 36 | 30 | − 6 (− 17%) |
| COmean (L/min) | 3.2 | 4.2 | 1 (31%) | 4.1 | 5.0 | 1 (22%) | 4.1 | 5.0 | 1 (22%) | 6.2 | 7.1 | 1 (14%) |
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 75 | 75 | 0 (0%) | 90 | 90 | 0 (0%) | 70 | 70 | 0 (0%) | 72 | 72 | 0 (0%) |
| SVLV (mL) | 44.1 | 28.9 | − 15 (− 35%) | 46.3 | 28.1 | − 18 (− 39%) | 59.8 | 44.4 | − 15 (− 26%) | 87.0 | 71.5 | − 15 (− 18%) |
| SVLV+Pump (mL) | 44.1 | 57.3 | 13 (30%) | 46.3 | 56.6 | 10 (22%) | 59.8 | 73.1 | 13 (22%) | 87.0 | 99.4 | 12 (14%) |
| SVPump (mL) | – | 32.4 | – | – | 32.7 | – | – | 33.0 | – | – | 33.2 | – |
| SWLV (J) | 0.40 | 0.33 | − .07 (− 18%) | 0.39 | 0.27 | − .12 (− 31%) | 0.50 | 0.44 | − .06 (− 12%) | 0.97 | 0.90 | − .07 (− 7%) |
| PELV (J) | 0.18 | 0.27 | .09 (49%) | 0.22 | 0.32 | .10 (46%) | 0.23 | 0.32 | .10 (43%) | 0.40 | 0.48 | .08 (20%) |
| PVALV (J) | 0.59 | 0.60 | .02 (3%) | 0.61 | 0.59 | − .02 (− 3%) | 0.73 | 0.76 | .04 (5%) | 1.37 | 1.37 | .01 (0.6%) |
| WPump (J) | – | 0.41 | – | – | 0.38 | – | – | 0.39 | – | – | 0.45 | – |
| Pump volumetric efficiency | – | 41% | – | – | 31% | – | – | 40% | – | – | 37% | – |
| Pump work efficiency | – | 83% | – | – | 68% | – | – | 85% | – | – | 85% | – |
Mean parameter values are shown at baseline and with CoPulse pump support for each HFpEF phenotype, along with the absolute changes and % changes in parentheses of the hemodynamic parameter values from baseline to CoPulse pump support. HFpEF I denotes the phenotype of genetically inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HFpEF II the state of infiltrative cardiomyopathy with restrictive physiology, HFpEF III the condition of nonhypertrophic cardiomyopathy without significant cardiac comorbidities, while HFpEF IV refers to patients with normal ejection fraction with significant comorbidities (i.e. hypertension, coronary artery disease), and typically, hypertrophy.5