. 2020 Mar 13;11(3):393–402. doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00304-3

Table 1.

Methods consensus round 1 and 2

	Relevant to diagnose dehydration among nursing home residents (yes) Round 1 (n = 35)	Feasible to diagnose dehydration in the nursing home (yes) Round 1 (n = 35)	Relevant to diagnose dehydration among nursing home residents (yes) Round 2 (n = 32)	Feasible to diagnose dehydration in the nursing home (yes) Round 2 (n = 32)
Anamnestic data
Drinking less than normal/decreased fluid intake	n = 34 (97.1%)^a	n = 32 (91.4%)^a
Vomiting	n = 34 (97.1%)^a	n = 33 (94.3%)^a
Diarrhea	n = 34 (97.1%)^a	n = 33 (94.3%)^a
Urinating less than normal	n = 33 (94.3%)^a	n = 23 (65.7%)		n = 28 (87.5%)^a
Swallowing problems	n = 32 (91.4%)^a	n = 32 (91.4%)^a
Change in behavior (e.g. more confused) and/ or consciousness	n = 32 (91.4%)^a	n = 29 (82.9%)^a
Presence of active disease(s) (e.g. renal failure, infection, active co-pathology such as DM	n = 31 (88.6%)^a	n = 30 (85.7%)^a
Use of medication (e.g. diuretic medication, lithium, anticholinergic meds, ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers)	n = 31 (88.6%)^a	n = 28 (80.0%)^a
Fever	n = 30 (85.7%)^a	n = 31 (88.6%)^a
Sweating	n = 28 (80.0%)^a	n = 24 (68.6%)		n = 20 (62.5%)
Thirst	n = 22 (62.9%)	n = 15 (42.9%)	n = 17 (53.1%)	n = 10 (31.3%)
Physical symptoms
Dry incontinence material due to decreased urine output	n = 33 (94.3%)^a	n = 29 (82.9%)^a
Change in behavior (e.g. more confused) and/or consciousness	n = 31 (88.6%)^a	n = 27 (77.1%)^a
Lower blood pressure than normal	n = 31 (88.6%)^a	n = 29 (82.9%)^a
Dry mucosa (not caused by medication)	n = 29 (82.9%)^a	n = 26 (74.3%)		n = 28 (87.5%)^a
Rapid weight loss (> 1 kg per day)	n = 26 (74.3%)	n = 27 (77.1%)^a	n = 28 (87.5%)^a
Dry longitudinal furrowed tongue (not caused by medication)	n = 25 (71.4%)	n = 22 (62.9%)	n = 30 (93.8%)^a	n = 28 (87.5%)^a
Higher pulse rate than normal	n = 25 (71.4%)	n = 26 (74.3%)	n = 29 (90.6%)^a	n = 30 (93.8%)^a
Change in urine colour	n = 25 (71.4%)	n = 27 (77.1%)^a	n = 27 (84.4%)^a
Hyperthermia	n = 21 (60.0%)	n = 24 (68.6%)	n = 22 (68.8%)	n = 27 (84.4%)^a
Poor skin turgor	n = 21 (60.0%)	n = 22 (62.9%)	n = 19 (59.4%)	n = 20 (62.5%)
Blood tests
Increased serum sodium level	n = 30 (85.7%)^a	n = 23 (65.7%)		n = 27 (84.4%)^a
Increased serum creatinine level	n = 28 (80.0%)^a	n = 25 (71.4%)		n = 27 (84.4%)^a
Increased serum osmolality	n = 26 (74.3%)	n = 17 (48.6%)	n = 30 (93.8%)^a	n = 18 (56.3%)
Higher blood glucose level (in case of diabetes mellitus)	n = 23 (65.7%)	n = 28 (80.0%)^a	n = 22 (68.8%)
Increased serum hemoglobin and hematocrit level	n = 23 (65.7%)	n = 25 (71.4%)	n = 25 (78.1%)^a	n = 27 (84.4%)^a
Urine tests
Increased urine glucose level (in case of Diabetes Mellitus)	n = 13 (37.1%)	n = 19 (54.3%)	n = 5 (15.6%)	n = 12 (37.5%)

^aConsensus reached (≥ 75%)