Table 2.

Primary and Secondary Outcomes of Included Randomized Controlled Trials

Study, year	Primary outcomes		Secondary outcomes
	Measure	Findings
Bleidorn et al., 2010	Symptom resolution by day 4 (test for difference)	No significant difference between NSAIDs and antibiotics in achieving symptom resolution by day 4	Burden of symptoms, frequency of relapses, secondary antibiotic treatments, incidence of adverse events
Gágyor et al., 2015	Burden of symptoms on days 0–7, measured as AUC of the sums of daily symptom scores (test for non-inferiority); number of courses of antibiotics on days 0–28 (test for superiority)	NSAIDs inferior to antibiotics in achieving symptom resolution as measured by the ratio of the AUC of the sum of symptom scores on days 0–7 for both groups	Number of adverse events (including pyelonephritis), frequency of relapses, symptom burden, number of antibiotic doses per patient
Jamil et al., 2016	Comparison of post-treatment total symptom scores on day 5 (test for difference)	No significant difference between symptom scores on day 5 for NSAID and antibiotic groups	Comparison of scores for specific symptoms (frequency, urgency, dysuria, suprapubic pain)
Kronenberg et al., 2017	Symptom resolution by day 3 (test for non-inferiority and superiority)	NSAIDs inferior to antibiotics in achieving symptom resolution and antibiotics superior to NSAIDs in achieving symptom resolution by day 3	Use of antibiotics up to day 30, re-consultation for UTIs, mean composite symptom scores, adverse events (including pyelonephritis), time to resolution of symptoms, working days lost, satisfaction with management
Vik et al., 2018	Symptom resolution by day 4 (test for non-inferiority)	NSAIDs inferior to antibiotics in achieving symptom resolution by day 4	Duration of symptoms and symptom load; proportion of patients with a positive second urine culture, in need of a medical consult for UTI within 4 weeks, and who received antibiotics during the study period; frequency of adverse events (including pyelonephritis)

NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; UTI, urinary tract infection; AUC, area under the curve