Table 4.

Number Needed to Treat with Antibiotics Rather than Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) to Achieve Symptom Resolution in One Additional Person by Day 3 or 4 or Prevent One Additional Case of Pyelonephritis by Day 28 to 30

Study*	NNT to achieve symptom resolution in one additional patient by day 3 or 4†	NNT to prevent one additional case of pyelonephritis by days 28 to 30‡
Gágyor et al., 2015	6.4	62.1
Kronenberg et al., 2017	3.9	22.2
Vik et al., 2018	3.0	27.7

NNT, number needed to treat

*Bleidorn et al. (2010)²² was not included as it demonstrated higher symptom resolution in the NSAID group compared with the antibiotic group and did not report subsequent cases of pyelonephritis. Jamil et al. (2016)³⁰ was not included as it did not report the number of individuals with symptom resolution by day 3 or 4 and did not report subsequent cases of pyelonephritis

†Number needed to treat to achieve additional symptom resolution calculated for three trials that included symptom resolution by day 3 or 4 as a primary or secondary outcome and there was a statistically significant difference in symptom resolution between the NSAID and antibiotic groups

‡Number needed to treat to prevent one additional case of pyelonephritis calculated for three trials that reported incidence of pyelonephritis in the study period