Table 3.
IFs with taxonomic classification, part(s) consumed, place of procurement and seasonality.
| S no. | Local (Paharia) name | Common name | Scientific classification | Scientific name | Part consumed | Accessed/grown | Seasons (summer/monsoon/winter/all seasons) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–11. | Swarna#, Bhadai$, Sarda#, Arwa$, Sarap$, Jesori, Bahyar$, Bangla Bhat$, Hariya*, Banagal*, Lal Dhan* | Varieties of Rice | ✓ | Oryza sativa L. | Grain | Field | Different varieties grew in different seasons. Superscript provides details on seasonality |
| 12. | Makai/Gangi (Desi) | Maize | ✓ | Zea mays L. | Cob | Field, Baari | All season |
| 13. | Bajra/Shishua (Desi) | Pearl millet | ✓ | Pennisetum typhoideum Rich. | Kernel | Field | All season |
| 14. | Kodo/Mandua (Desi) | Finger millet | ✓ | Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. | Grain | Field | All season |
| 15. | Jowar (Desi) | Sorghum | ✓ | Sorghum vulgare Pers. | Grain | Field | All season |
| 16. | Gondli***** | - | × | - | Grain | Field | - |
| 17. | Jatta usro/Ghangra | Cowpea, brown | ✓ | Vigna catjang (L.) Walp. | Seed and vegetable | Field | All season, Winter (vegetable) |
| 18. | Eso Usro | Cowpea, white | ✓ | Dolichos catjang Burm.f | Seed | Field | All season |
| 19. | Kakro/Suthro/Suthri | Rice bean | ✓ | Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb. | Seed | Field | Winter |
| 20. | Kurthi | Horse Gram, whole | ✓ | Dolichos biflorus L. | Seed | Field | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 21. | Khesari (Desi) | Khesari | ✓ | Lathyrus sativus L. | Seed and leaves | Field, Market | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 22. | Kusa | - | ✓ | Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. | Seed | Field | - |
| 23. | Makedi | Colocasia leaves | ✓ | Colocasia antiquorum Schott | Leaves and root | Forest | Monsoon |
| 24. | Komo (IIPHD-006) | Koinaar leaves | ✓ | Bauhinia purpurea L. | Leaves | Forest, Open space | Summer |
| 25. | Daav Ghasi | Kantha leaves | ✓ | Euphorbia granulate Forssk. | Leaves | Field (wild) | Monsoon |
| 26. | Lol Ghasi | Bottle gourd leaves | ✓ | Lagenaria vulgaris Ser. | Leaves | Baari, Open space (wild) | Summer |
| 27. | Tisso Ghasi | Mata leaves | ✓ | Antidesma diandrum (Roxb.) | Leaves and fruit | Forest | All season |
| 28. | Chilo Ghasi/Kodgo | Sinduar leaves | ✓ | Celosia argentia L. | Leaves | Wild | Summer |
| 29. | Aloo Ghasi | Potato greens | ✓ | Solanum tuberosum L. | Leaves | Market | Winter |
| 30. | Sanjhori | Drumstick | ✓ | Moringa oleifera Lam. | Leaves and flower | Baari | All season |
| 31. | Adro Ghasi/Margi adro | Amaranth leaves | ✓ | Amaranthus spinosus L. | Leaves | Baari(wild), Open space | Summer |
| 32. | Gochi Ghasi | Ponnaganni | ✓ | Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. | Leaves | Baari (wild), Open space | Summer |
| 33. | Berbayo Ghasi | Kena leaves | ✓ | Commelina benghalensis L. | Leaves | Baari(wild) | Rainy |
| 34. | Kondi Ghasi (IIPHD-009) | Dhurup leaves | ✓ | Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. | Leaves | Open space (wild) | Autumn |
| 35. | Boot Ghasi | Bengal gram leaves | ✓ | Cicer arietinum L. | Leaves | Baari | Winter |
| 36. | Naolo Ghasi (IIPHD-010) | - | ✓ | Trianthema portulacastrum L. | Leaves | Baari (wild) | Autumn |
| 37. | Pakkedi | Banyan leaves | ✓ | Ficus benghalensis L. | Leaves and fruit | Forest/Open space | Summer |
| 38. | Junjuni/Amadro | Sunsuni leaves | ✓ | Marsilea minuta L. | Leaves | Weed, field | All season |
| 39. | Nasni Ghasi | Garlic leaves | ✓ | Allium sativum L. | Leaves | Baari, Market | - |
| 40. | Pondka Saag | Malabar spinach | ✓ | Basella rubra L. | Leaves | Field | Autumn |
| 41. | Zaraael | Ziruli leaves | ✓ | Indigofera cassioides DC. | Leaves and flower | Wild | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 42. | Sonpu | - | ✓ | Crotolaria juncea L. | Leaves and flower | Baari | Winter |
| 43. | Chiniya Saag | - | ✓ | Brassica campestris L. | Leaves | Forest | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 44–57. | Gobero Adro, Pusre Adro, Gutni, Chiroti Saag, Acchadro, Aradiyo Ghasi, Ursudi Ghasi, Jonya Ghasi, Kannasedi saag, Bodo Ghasi, Dababotri Ghasi, Kotua Saag, Madhari Saag, Manaadro Saag***** | Unidentified folk species of GLVs | Leaves | Forest, BaariOpen space (wild) | Monsoon-Winter | ||
| 58. | Bir Karela | Bitter gourd | ✓ | Momordica charantia L. | Vegetable | Baari | All season |
| 59. | Simbi | Field beans, tender | ✓ | Dolichos lablab L. | Vegetable | Baari and Market | Winter |
| 60. | Jhingli (Desi) | Ridge gourd | ✓ | Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. | Vegetable | Baari | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 61. | Maas ardo /Karu/Baans | Bamboo tender | ✓ | Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. | Vegetable | Forest/Open space | Monsoon |
| 62. | Kokri | Spine gourd | ✓ | Momordica dioica Roxb. | Vegetable | Baari | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 63. | Kundri | Kovai | ✓ | Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn. | Vegetable | Baari, forest | All season |
| 64. | Kachna Phool (IIPHD-004) | Kachnar flower | ✓ | Bauhinia variegata L. | Flower | Forest | Winter |
| 65. | Beralli | - | ✓ | Dioscorea spp. | Root and vegetable | Open space | Summer |
| 66. | Pinra/Pindra | - | ✓ | Flacourita indica (Burm f.) Merr. | Vegetable and root | Forest | Summer |
| 67. | Zarkunda | Ashgourd | ✓ | Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. | Vegetable | Baari | Winter |
| 68. | Misrikand | Yam beans | ✓ | Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. | Root | Field, Market | Summer |
| 69. | Lal Aloo | Red Potato | ✓ | Solanum tuberosum L. | Root | Field, Market | Summer |
| 70. | Nappe/Nappa | - | ✓ | Dioscorea pentaphylla L. | Root | Forest | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 71. | Singla | Ole | ✓ | Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson | Root | Forest | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 72–87. | Jattali, Porniali, Churka/Churke, Taalko, Chalangan/Chalango, Pandgo/Pangdro, Chambiyali, Gumalli, Alli, Isaha Alli, Aeli, Gomo, Chalko, Igzol, Panne, Keso ***** | Unidentified folk species of roots and tubers | Root | Forest | Autumn-Summer | ||
| 88. | Ambad Pupu | Ambada | ✓ | Spondias mangifera Wild. | Fruit | Forest | Summer |
| 89. | Madgi | Mahua, ripe | ✓ | Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel. | Fruit | Open space | Summer |
| 90. | Kero/Keero Toso | Marking nut (kernel) | ✓ | Semecarpus anacardium L.f. | Fruit | Forest | Winter |
| 91. | Ilkarpu/Ber | Zizyphus | ✓ | Zizyphus jujube Mill. | Fruit | Forest | Winter |
| 92. | Telo/Kenda/Kaanda/Kendu | Tumki | ✓ | Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. | Fruit | Forest | Summer |
| 93. | Talmi | Palmyra fruit, ripe | ✓ | Borassus flabellifer L. | Fruit | Open space | Summer |
| 94. | Pusra | Kusum | ✓ | Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr. | Fruit | Forest | Summer |
| 95. | Dahu/Tisgo Chagzo | – | ✓ | Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. | Fruit | Forest | Summer |
| 96. | Piyaara | – | ✓ | Buchanania lanazan Spr. | Fruit | Forest | All season |
| 97. | Haani (IIPHD-003) | – | ✓ | Ficus exasperata Vahl. | Fruit | Forest | Autumn |
| 98. | Bel/Otte | Wood apple | ✓ | Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa | Fruit | Open space | Summer |
| 99. | Dumari/Dumaari/Dungri | – | ✓ | Ficus glomerata Roxb. | Fruit | Forest | Monsoon |
| 100–104. | Zara Aeli, Anni, Kaisge, Kaita, Dhela***** | Unidentified folk species of fruits | Fruit | Forest, Open space | Monsoon | ||
| 105. | Singhi Machhli | Singhi | ✓ | Saccobranchus fossilis | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 106. | Potha/Pothi Machhli | Puti | ✓ | Burbus spp. | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 107. | Ghongri | Snail | ✓ | Pila globoasa | Meat | Water bodies | Summer and Monsoon |
| 108. | Maako/Jhinuk | Mussels | ✓ | Margaritifera margaritifera | Meat | Water bodies | Summer and Monsoon |
| 109. | Magur/Mangri Machhli | Walking catfish | ✓ | Clarias batrachus | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 110. | Boari Machhli | Wallago | ✓ | Wallago attu | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 111. | Gacchi Machhli | Freshwater eel | ✓ | Anguilla Anguilla | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 112. | Tengra/Tonger Machhli | Catfish | ✓ | Mystus vittatus | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 113. | Silong Machhli | Silhan | ✓ | Silonia silondia | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 114. | Gadai/Gowari Machhli | Snake head fish | ✓ | Channa punctate | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 115. | Chala/Chalgo Machhli | Silver razor belly minnow | ✓ | Salmostoma acinaces | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 116. | Baale Machhli | Bele fish | ✓ | Glossogobius giuris | Meat | Water bodies | All season |
| 117–129. | Zimali, Eherchali, Chachara, Chuchi, Mustura, Gotti, Doke, Mitra, Erke, Banjakudi, Chete, Chatarkati, Jambuchett Machhli***** | Unidentified folk species of fishes | Meat | Water bodies | Monsoon | ||
| 130. | Chetado ka anda | Eggs of red ants | ✓ | Aceophylla smaragdina | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 131. | Gilhari ka maas | Squirrel meat | ✓ | Sciuridae | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 132. | Moosa | Field's rat | ✓ | Rattus argentiventer | Meat | Forest | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 133. | Chuwa | Peacock | ✓ | Pavo cristatus | Meat | Forest | Monsoon and/or Winter |
| 134. | Mahalo/Mahala | Wild cat | ✓ | Felis catus | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 135. | Jangli suar/Kissu | Pig | ✓ | Sus scrofa | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 136. | Kissa/Chitru | Porcupine | ✓ | Erethizon dorsatum | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 137. | Jangli murgi | Fowl | ✓ | Galloanserae | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 138. | Teetar | Partridge | ✓ | Gray francolin | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 139. | Pervan | Pigeon | ✓ | Columba livia domestica | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 140. | Bater | Quail | ✓ | Coturnix coturnix | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 141. | Edru/tota | Parrot | ✓ | Psittacine | Meat | Forest | All season |
| 142–147. | Tirikado (Chidiya), Pura (Chidiya), Tenga, Kafo, Tura, Oda ***** | Unidentified folk species of birds | Meat | Forest | All season | ||
| 148–150. | Haubudu, Teni, Isge***** | Unidentified folk species of insects | Honey | Forest | All season | ||
| 151–183. | Makko/Maango, Kero/Aero/Khero, Parango, Baado, Endro/Adro/Edro, Naango, Baansosu, Tele-kuto/Telo-kuti, Kaijo, Takna, Tero, Baalco, Ado, Korho/Orho, Kerusudo, Patanglo/Pattangulo/Putka, Pattodi/Pittodi, Chaandi, Jambuaajo, Chaariyoni, Gobroosu, Baanipoto, Kuttapuda, Bandho aero, Bagdoto, Jhinganu/Jhingan, Nalo Osu, Baloosu, Mokro/Mokeroosu, Patla aero, Isuno, Jinpro aero, Ganda budi***** | Unidentified folk species of mushrooms | Upper part of mushroom (cap) and stem | Forest | Monsoon | ||
Text in Italics represents Paharia names.
Text in bold represents Voucher/Specimen number of the herbariums identified by Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah-711103.
*****
Taxonomic classification not available.
Seasonality:
#
All seasons;
$
winter season;
*
Summer season.