Table 1.
Clinic and Patient Characteristics at Clinic-Level Overall and by Top and Bottom 10% of Clinics by Perceived Access to Routine Care, 2016
| All clinics, n = 713 | Top 10% of clinics, n = 71 | Bottom 10% of clinics, n = 71 | P value (top vs. bottom clinics) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age of patients in years, mean (SD) | 62.8 (3.9) | 65.1 (2.8) | 59.2 (4.1) | < 0.001 |
| Female patients, % | 7.2 | 4.8 | 11.0 | < 0.001 |
| Elixhauser of patients, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 0.42 |
| CBOC, % | 78.0 | 94.4 | 80.3 | < 0.01 |
| Top-box urgent care, % | 49.7 | 66.2 | 33.2 | < 0.001 |
| Top-box same-day care, % | 38.2 | 51.5 | 27.3 | < 0.001 |
| Top-box routine care, % | 58.9 | 76.8 | 40.0 | < 0.001 |
| Patient panel per PCP, mean (SD)* | 936.2 (224.1) | 931.7 (227.6) | 998.1 (226.4) | 0.09 |
| Organizational factors (% present) | – | – | – | – |
| Burnout reported by staff | 40.0 | 33.5 | 44.4 | 0.06 |
| Any staff turnover in past year | 65.1 | 52.7 | 72.0 | < 0.01 |
| Written role descriptions for staff | 77.1 | 79.0 | 78.8 | 0.97 |
| Fully staffed with ≥ 3 support staff | 63.5 | 64.4 | 55.2 | 0.23 |
| PACT daily huddles | 63.9 | 60.1 | 58.4 | 0.78 |
| Work well matched to training | 59.9 | 58.3 | 57.7 | 0.92 |
| Team reviews performance reports | 66.9 | 76.4 | 56.7 | < 0.01 |
| Leadership maintains PACT | 84.5 | 87.6 | 81.9 | 0.18 |
| Access initiatives (% present) | – | – | – | – |
| Clinical pharmacy visits | 57.4 | 39.5 | 57.4 | < 0.01 |
| Telephone visits | 86.4 | 89.8 | 83.4 | 0.10 |
| Nursing visits | 91.2 | 93.2 | 89.1 | 0.18 |
| Patient group visits | 21.5 | 21.9 | 21.1 | 0.89 |
| Virtual care (telehealth) visits | 51.0 | 65.2 | 40.3 | < 0.001 |
| Secure electronic messaging | 93.9 | 95.3 | 92.3 | 0.24 |
| No-show reports | 49.7 | 52.0 | 47.3 | 0.39 |
| Phone reminders for appointments | 66.8 | 59.9 | 58.5 | 0.80 |
| Recall scheduling for future visits | 83.1 | 88.7 | 78.7 | 0.02 |
| Carve-out slots to hold times | 35.7 | 35.1 | 31.4 | 0.50 |
| Open access scheduling | 49.4 | 59.3 | 34.4 | < 0.001 |
Clinic-level descriptives shown here are similar to presentation by staff level (N = 4815)
PACT = Patient Aligned Care Team, CBOC community-based outpatient
*Panel size of patients per primary care provider (PCP), for 710 clinics (70 clinics in bottom 10%, 71 in top 10% by routine access); 3 clinics were not reported due to inaccurate or missing panel size data