Table 2.
Differences in Mean (SE) Percentages of Patients Reporting Higher Perceived Access Associated with the Presence of Organizational Factors and Access-Related Initiatives in Primary Care Clinics
| Same-day care | P | Urgent care | P | Routine care | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organizational factors | ||||||
| Staff moderate or higher burnout | − 1.3 (0.3) | < 0.001 | − 1.4 (0.3) | < 0.001 | − 1.1 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| In past year, PCP changed or left team | − 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 | − 1.6 (0.3) | < 0.001 | − 1.0 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| In past year, RN changed or left team | − 1.0 (0.3) | < 0.01 | − 0.7 (0.3) | 0.03 | − 0.6 (0.3) | 0.03 |
| In past year, LVN/LPN changed or left team | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.04 | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.58 | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.76 |
| In past year, MSA changed or left team | − 1.4 (0.3) | < 0.001 | − 1.1 (0.3) | < 0.001 | − 0.9 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Written role descriptions used for staff | − 1.0 (0.4) | 0.03 | − 1.1 (0.4) | 0.01 | − 1.0 (0.4) | 0.01 |
| Team staffed at a full support-to-provider ratio of 3:1 | − 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 | − 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 | − 0.4 (0.3) | 0.09 |
| Daily huddle at primary care clinic | − 0.2 (0.3) | 0.59 | − 0.4 (0.3) | 0.13 | − 1.0 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| Work well matched to training | − 0.2 (0.3) | 0.42 | − 0.5 (0.3) | 0.08 | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.91 |
| Team regularly reviews performance reports | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.08 | 0.9 (0.4) | 0.01 | 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Leadership maintains medical home model | 0.8 (0.5) | 0.09 | 1.6 (0.5) | < 0.01 | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.08 |
| Access-related initiatives | ||||||
| Clinical pharmacist visits | − 0.7 (0.3) | 0.02 | − 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 | − 1.3 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Telephone visits | 0.0 (0.4) | 0.95 | − 0.1 (0.4) | 0.81 | − 0.4 (0.4) | 0.27 |
| Nursing visits | − 0.6 (0.5) | 0.23 | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.66 | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.09 |
| Patient group visits | − 0.1 (0.3) | 0.67 | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.43 | 0.2 (0.3) | 0.46 |
| Virtual care (telehealth video) visits | 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 1.4 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Secure electronic messaging | 0.0 (0.6) | 0.95 | 1.4 (0.6) | 0.02 | 0.9 (0.5) | 0.07 |
| No-show reports used by clinic | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.28 | − 0.2 (0.3) | 0.44 | − 0.3 (0.3) | 0.23 |
| Telephone reminders for appointments | − 0.2 (0.3) | 0.62 | − 0.3 (0.3) | 0.28 | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.73 |
| Future appointments scheduled ≤ 90 days (recall) | − 0.4 (0.4) | 0.24 | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.03 | 0.9 (0.3) | < 0.01 |
| Carve-out times hold same-day appointments | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.83 | − 0.5 (0.3) | 0.11 | − 0.3 (0.2) | 0.19 |
| Open access scheduling | 1.5 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 1.7 (0.3) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.2) | < 0.01 |
PCP primary care provider, RN registered nurse, LPN licensed practical nurse, LVN licensed vocational nurse, MSA medical support assistant