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. 2020 Jun 2;11:1066. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01066

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Copyright © 2020 Uribe-Querol and Rosales.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Complement receptor signaling for phagocytosis. The complement receptor 3 (CR3 integrin) binds the complement molecules (iC3b) deposited on the target particle, and activates a signaling pathway that leads to activation of the GTPase Rho. Then, active Rho induces actin polymerization via two mechanisms. Rho activates Rho kinase (ROCK), which phosphorylates and activates myosin II, inducing accumulation of Arp2/3 and actin assembly at the phagocytic cup. Rho also promotes accumulation of mDia1 (mammalian diaphanous-related formin 1), which stimulates linear actin polymerization. In addition, mDia1 binds directly to the microtubule-associated protein CLIP-170 providing a link to the microtubule cytoskeleton.