Table 1.

Association between sociodemographic variables and the occurrence of oral clefts.

Variable	Categories	Cases		Controls		OR	CI	p Value
		n	%	n	%		(95%)	(χ2)
Child gender	Male	97	33.33	194	66.67	1.00	(0.66 ; 1.51)	1.000
	Female	53	33.33	106	66.67	1.00	-	-
Child race/color	Native-American	5	100	0	0.00	-	-	0.001
	Black	24	20.17	95	79.83	0.48	(0.28 ; 0.81)	0.006
	Brown	53	40.77	77	59.23	1.30	(0.82 ; 2.05)	0.266
Father’s age at pregnancy	≤ 19 years	14	41.18	20	58.82	1.41	(0.69 ; 2.88)	0.350
	20 a 39 years	124	33.24	249	66.76	1.00	-	-
	≥ 40 years	12	27.91	31	72.09	0.78	(0.39 ; 1.57)	0.480
Mother’s age at pregnancy	≤ 19 years	46	35.11	85	64.89	1.11	(0.72 ; 1.72)	0.635
	20 a 34 years	94	32.75	193	67.25	1.00	-	-
	≥ 35 years	10	31.25	22	68.75	0.93	(0.42 ; 2.05)	0.863
Father’s education level	≤ 9 years	58	42.34	79	57.66	1.84	(1.18 ; 2.87)	0.007
	10 a 12 years	65	28.51	163	71.49	1.00	-	-
	> 12 years	19	39.58	29	60.42	1.64	(0.86 ; 3.14)	0.130
	Not informed	8	21.62	29	78.38	0.69	(0.30 ; 1.59)	0.384
Mother’s education level	≤9 years	45	38.79	71	61.21	1.41	(0.90 ; 2.21)	0.133
	10 a 12 years	88	30.99	196	69.01	1.00	-	-
	> 12 years	17	34.00	33	66.00	1.15	(0.61 ; 2.17)	0.672

OR: Odds Ratio; CI: confidence interval; p Value: Chi-square test.