Table 2.
Menstrual cycle and outcome measure information from individual studies.
| References | Menstrual cycle | Cortisol | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follicular phase | Luteal phase | Phase estimation | Time | Source | |
| Andreano et al. (34) | 1–7 | 18–24 | Estradiol and progesterone | Afternoon | Saliva |
| Barbarino et al. (35) | 4–8 | 20–24 | Estradiol and progesterone | Morning | Plasma |
| Beck et al. (36) | 10 | 24 | LH surge | Morning | Plasma |
| Hoeger Bement et al. (37) | “Mid-follicular” | “Mid-luteal” | LH surge | Afternoon | Saliva |
| Bricout et al. (38) | “Mid-follicular” | “Mid-luteal” | Estradiol and progesterone | 24-h | Urine |
| Cannon et al. (39) | 1–14 | 15–28 | Progesterone | 24-h | Urine |
| Carr et al. (40) | 1 | 21 | LH surge | Morning | Plasma |
| Caufriez et al. (41) | 3–8 | 23–28 | Basal body temperature | 24-h | Urine |
| Childs et al. (42) | 3–10 | 16–24 | LH ovulation test | Morning | Plasma |
| Collins et al. (43) | 5–7 | 22–25 | Basal body temperature | Morning | Plasma |
| Espin et al. (14) | 5–8 | 20–24 | Basal body temperature | Afternoon | Saliva |
| Genazzani et al. (44) | 1 | 21 | LH surge | Morning | Plasma |
| Heitkemper et al. (45) | 1 | 22 | LH ovulation test | Morning | Urine |
| Huang et al. (46) | 1–4 | 24–28 | Estradiol and progesterone | Afternoon | Saliva |
| Inoue et al. (26) | 1–14 | 21–28 | Estradiol and progesterone | Morning | Plasma |
| Judd et al. (47) | 3–5 | 20–24 | LH ovulation test | 10-h | Serum |
| Kasa-Vubu et al. (48) | 1–14 | 15–28 | LH and progesterone | 24-h | Plasma |
| Kerdelhué et al. (23) | 1 | 21 | LH surge | Morning | Serum |
| Kirschbaum et al. (17) | 4–7 | 21–25 | Estradiol and progesterone | Afternoon | Plasma |
| LeRoux et al. (49) | 8–10 | 20–22 | Estradiol and progesterone | Morning | Saliva |
| Liu et al. (50) | 1–5 | 20–22 | Pelvic Ultrasound | Morning | Plasma |
| Lombardi et al. (51) | 5–7 | 22–26 | LH surge and progesterone | Morning | Serum |
| Maki et al. (52) | 2–4 | 22–24 | LH ovulation test | Afternoon | Saliva |
| Ohara et al. (53) | 1–14 | 15–28 | LH ovulation test | Morning | Saliva |
| Paoletti et al. (54) | 5–8 | 21–24 | Basal body temperature | Morning | Serum |
| Parry et al. (55) | 6–8 | 26–28 | LH ovulation test | Morning | Plasma |
| Rasgon et al. (56) | 2–9 | 7–14 | LH ovulation test | Morning | Plasma |
| Reynolds et al. (57) | 7–10 | 20–23 | LH ovulation test | Afternoon | Saliva |
| Roche and King (58) | 1–14 | 15to 28 | Estradiol and progesterone | Morning | Plasma |
| Stewart et al. (59) | 7 | 21 | Progesterone | 12-h | Plasma |
| Su et al. (60) | 3–7 days after the end of menses | 21 | Progesterone | Morning | Plasma |
| Timon et al. (25) | 1–2 | 21–22 | Basal body temperature | Morning | Urine |
| Tulenheimo et al. (61) | 6–9 | 21–24 | Progesterone | Morning | Plasma |
| Villada et al. (62) | 5–8 | 20–24 | Basal body temperature | Afternoon | Saliva |
| Wolfram et al. (63) | 2–6 | 21–24 | LH ovulation test | CAR | Saliva |
CAR, Cortisol Awakening Response.