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. 2020 Jun 14;108(4):775–790. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1909

Table 1.

Summary of the top leads identified

Drug Cmax:EC50 Cmax:EC90 Approval Indications Route of administration Dosage Ref

Atazanavir and Ritonavir

REYATAZ (Bristol‐Myers Squibb)

 3.643 0.728

EMA

FDA

 HIV‐1 Oral 300/100 mg 106, 107

Anidulafungin

Eraxis/Ecalta (Pfizer)

 1.323 1.192

EMA

FDA

 Invasive fungal infections Intravenous infusion 200 mg q.d. + 100 mg q.d. 108

Chloroquine

Aralen (Sanofi Aventis)

 2.318 1.261 FDA

Malaria

Extraintestinal amebiasis

 Oral 1,500 mg 109

Eltrombopag

Promacta/Revolade (Novartis)

 3.416 2.029

EMA

FDA

Primary immune thrombocytopenia

Acquired severe aplastic anemia

 Oral 75 mg q.d. 110

Favipiravir

Avigan (Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co)

 6.326 2.469 PMDA ‐ Japan Influenza Oral 600 mg b.i.d. 111

Hydroxychloroquine

Plaquenil (Sanofi Aventis)

 3.598 0.101

EMA

FDA

 Malaria Oral 400 mg 112

Indomethacin

Indocin (Merck & Co)

 5.366 ‐

EMA

FDA

 Rheumatoid arthritis Oral 50 mg t.i.d. 113

Lopinavir and Ritonavir

Kaletra (AbbVie)

 2.660/ 1.671 1.630/ 1.240

EMA

FDA

 HIV‐1 Oral 400/100 mg b.i.d. 114

Mefloquine

Lariam (Roche)

 1.350 1.284

EMA

FDA

 Malaria Oral 250 mg 115

Merimepodib

(Vertex Pharmaceuticals)

 1.629 0.638 Not clinically approved HCV Oral 300 mg t.i.d. 116

Nelfinavir

VIRACEPT (Roche)

 5.849/2.287 3.755

EMA

FDA

 HIV‐1 Oral 1,250 mg b.i.d. 117

Niclosamide

Yomesan (Bayer)

 8.286 4.936

EMA

FDA

 Infestation with tapeworms Oral 2,000 mg 118

Nitazoxanide

Alinia (Romark Pharmaceuticals)

 13.823 6.315 FDA Diarrhea caused by Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium parvum Oral 1,000–2,000 mg b.i.d. 119

Remdesivir (Gilead)

 5.603/2.614 3.755/1.712 Not clinically approved a Ebola Intravenous 200 mg + 100 mg 38

Ritonavir

Norvir (AbbVie)

 1.800

EMA

FDA

 HIV‐1 Oral 600 mg 120

Sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine

Fansidar (Roche)

 6.577 FDA ‐ discontinued Malaria Oral 1,500/75 mg 121

Tipranavir and Ritonavir

Aptivus (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.)

 9.647 6.559

EMA

FDA

 HIV‐1 Oral 500/200 mg b.i.d. 122

Cmax, peak plasma concentration; EC50, half‐maximal effective concentration; EC90, effective concentration 90%; EMA, European Medicines Agency; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; HCV, hepatitis C virus; PMDA, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency.

a

Compassionate use program.