TABLE 3.

ANOVA test results by gender

					Gender
	Total sample				Male				Female
Variable	N	M	(SD)	Median	N	M	(SD)	Median	N	M	(SD)	Median	F (df)	p	Cohen's d
Amount of research shutdown a	184	2.45	(1.62)	3	42	2.60	1.59	2.5	139	2.40	1.63	3	0.46 (1,179)	.501	0.12
Concerns
Staffing	186	3.73	(3.15)	3	43	4.91	2.88	5	140	3.37	3.12	3	8.27 (1,181)	.004	0.50
Budget	186	3.73	(2.97)	3	43	4.14	2.95	4	140	3.60	2.94	3	1.11 (1,181)	.294	0.18
Data collection	187	6.22	(2.99)	6	43	6.02	2.53	6	141	6.33	3.00	7	0.38 (1,182)	.540	0.11
Recruitment	186	6.15	(3.17)	7	43	6.26	2.92	7	140	6.08	3.25	6.5	0.10 (1,181)	.749	0.06
Institutional approval	185	2.87	(2.95)	2	43	3.58	3.21	3	139	2.64	2.78	2	3.49 (1,180)	.063	0.33
Supply procurement	184	2.49	(2.82)	2	42	3.33	3.28	2	139	2.26	2.64	1	4.75 (1,179)	.031	0.39
Future funding	182	6.48	(2.85)	7	42	5.98	2.72	6.5	138	6.62	2.88	7	1.63 (1,178)	.203	0.23
Impact on career	157	4.92	(3.42)	5	35	3.14	3.36	1	119	5.45	3.25	6	13.3 (1,152)	<.001	0.71
Stress level	183	6.70	(2.22)	7	43	6.19	2.59	5	137	6.88	2.08	7	3.18 (1,178)	.076	0.31

Note: Aside from the item asking about “Amount of research shutdown” (see below), all other items were rated on a 10‐point scale from 0 (no concern/no stress) to 10 (extreme concern/extreme stress).

Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation.

^a The “Amount of research shutdown” item was coded on a 6‐point scale as follows: 1 = 0% of research shutdown; 2 = up to 20% of research shutdown; 3 = up to 40% of research shutdown; 4 = up to 60% of research shutdown; 5 = up to 80% of research shut down; 6 = up to 100% of research shutdown.