Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of study cohort, (n = 1112)

Characteristics	With metabolic syndrome (n = 112)	Without metabolic syndromes (n = 1000)	P value
Age	33.45 ± 3.93	32.08 ± 3.86	< 0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)	28.02 ± 2.03	24.82 ± 2.81	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	91.94 ± 5.04	83.49 ± 6.95	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	126.95 ± 14.90	117.39 ± 12.87	< 0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	78.12 ± 12.45	70.88 ± 9.53	< 0.001
Heart rate (beats per min)	78.65 ± 10.55	74.62 ± 10.54	< 0.001
High blood pressure	31 (27.7)	47 (4.7)	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	194.68 ± 38.61	178.53 ± 31.66	< 0.001
Serum triglyceride (mg/dL)	250.67 ± 232.27	108.71 ± 66.01	< 0.001
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	104.71 ± 27.08	93.36 ± 10.30	< 0.001
Serum uric acid (mg/dL)	7.22 ± 1.42	6.64 ± 1.28	< 0.001
(Minimum-Maximum)	(3.9-12.7)	(2.8-13.2)
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)	47.12 ± 10.19	48.50 ± 9.77	< 0.001
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)	114.74 ± 28.51	109.56 ± 28.44	0.06
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2)	97.18 ± 12.79	97.97 ± 13.74	0.56
Physical activity
Never or occasionally	23 (20.5)	162 (16.2)	0.40
1-2 times/wk	38 (33.9)	389 (38.9)
≥ 3-5 times/wk	51 (45.6)	449 (44.9)
Current alcohol drinkers, n (%)	53 (47.3)	464 (46.4)	0.85
Current tobacco smokers, n (%)	45 (40.2)	386 (38.6)	0.74

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables as n (%); eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.