Table 1.
The prevalence of Borrelia spp., N. mikurensis and Babesia spp. in I. ricinus collected from humans.
| Pathogen | Prevalence % (+/n; 95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Larvae | Nymphs | Female | Total |
| B. afzelii | ||||
| 2013 | - | 5.80 (8/138; 2.54–11.10) | 0 (0/16) | 5.19 (8/154; 2.27–9.98) |
| 2014 | 6.25 (1/16; 0.16–30.2) | 2.54 (3/118; 0.53–7.25) | 7.14 (3/42; 1.50–19.48) | 3.98 (7/176; 1.61–8.02) |
| 2015 | 0 (0/5) | 6.83 (11/161; 3.46–11.90) | 11.54 (3/26; 2.45–30.15) | 7.29 (14/192; 4.04–11.93) |
| Average | 4.76 (1/21; 0.12–23.82) | 5.28 (22/417; 3.51–7.86) | 7.14 (6/84; 2.67–14.90) | 5.56 (29/522; 3.90–7.86) |
| B. garinii | ||||
| 2013 | - | 3.62 (5/138; 1.19–8.25) | 6.25 (1/16; 0.16–30.23) | 3.9 (6/154; 1.44–8.29) |
| 2014 | 0 (0/16) | 5.08 (6/118; 1.89–10.74) | 4.76 (2/42; 0.58–16.16) | 4.55 (8/176; 1.98–8.76) |
| 2015 | 0 (0/5) | 0.62 (1/161; 0.02–3.41) | 0 (0/26) | 0.52 (1/192; 0.01–2.87) |
| Average | 0 (0/21) | 2.88 (12/417; 1.65–4.96) | 3.57 (3/84; 0.74–10.08) | 2.87 (15/522; 1.75–4.69) |
| B. lusitaniae | ||||
| 2013 | - | 0 (0/138) | 0 (0/16) | 0 (0/154) |
| 2014 | 0 (0/16) | 5.93 (7/118; 2.42–11.84) | 7.14 (3/42; 1.50–19.48) | 5.68 (10/176; 2.76–10.20) |
| 2015 | 0 (0/5) | 1.86 (3/161; 0.39–5.35) | 0 (0/26) | 1.56 (3/192; 0.32–4.50) |
| Average | 0 (0/21) | 2.40 (10/417; 1.31–4.36) | 3.57 (3/84; 0.74–10.08) | 2.49 (13/522; 1.46–4.21) |
| B. valaisiana | ||||
| 2013 | - | 0 (0/138) | 0 (0/16) | 0 (0/154) |
| 2014 | 0 (0/16) | 0 (0/161) | 0 (0/42) | 0 (0/16) |
| 2015 | 0 (0/5) | 4.35 (7/161; 1.77–8.75) | 7.69 (2/26; 0.95–25.13) | 4.69 (9/192; 2.17–8.71) |
| Average | 0 (0/21) | 1.68 (7/417; 0.82–3.42) | 2.38 (2/84; 0.29–8.34) | 1.72 (9/522; 0.91–3.24) |
| B. miyamotoi | ||||
| 2013 | - | 0 (0/138) | 0 (0/16) | 0 (0/154) |
| 2014 | 6.25 (1/16; 0.16–30.23) | 2.54 (3/118; 0.53–7.25) | 4.76 (2/42; 0.58–16.16) | 3.41 (6/176; 1.26–7.27) |
| 2015 | 0 (0/5) | 1.24 (2/161; 0.15–4.42) | 0 (0/26) | 1.04 (2/192; 0.13–3.71) |
| Average | 4.76 (1/21; 0.12–23.82) | 1.20 (5/417; 0.51–2.78) | 2.38 (2/84; 0.29–8.34) | 1.53 (8/522; 0.78–2.99) |
| N. mikurensis | ||||
| 2013 | - | 0.72 (1/138; 0.02–3.97) | 0 (0/16) | 0.65 (1/154; 0.02–3.56) |
| 2014 | 0 (0/16) | 9.32 (11/118; 4.75–16.07) | 4.76 (2/42; 0.58–16.16) | 7.39 (13/176; 3.99–12.30) |
| 2015 | 0 (0/5) | 9.94 (16/161; 5.79–15.64) | 3.85 (1/26; 0.10–19.64) | 8.85 (17/192; 5.24–13.80) |
| Average | 0 (0/21) | 6.71 (28/417; 4.69–9.53) | 3.57 (3/84; 0.74–10.08) | 5.94 (31/522; 4.21–8.31) |
| B. microti | ||||
| 2013 | - | 0.72 (1/138; 0.02–3.97) | 0 (0/16) | 0.65 (1/154; 0.02–3.56) |
| 2014 | 0 (0/16) | 2.54 (3/118; 0.53–7.25) | 0 (0/42) | 1.70 (3/176; 0.35–4.90) |
| 2015 | 0 (0/5) | 3.73 (6/161; 1.38–7.93) | 3.85 (1/26; 0.10–19.64) | 3.65 (7/192; 1.48–7.37) |
| Average | 0 (0/21) | 2.40 (10/417; 1.31–4.36) | 1.19 (1/84; 0.03–6.46) | 2.11 (11/522; 1.18–3.73) |
| B. venatorum | ||||
| 2013 | - | 0.72 (1/138; 0.02–3.97) | 0 (0/16) | 0.65 (1/154; 0.02–3.56) |
| 2014 | 0 (0/16) | 0.85 (1/118; 0.02–4.63) | 0 (0/42) | 0.57 (1/176; 0.01–3.12) |
| 2015 | 0 (0/5) | 1.24 (2/161; 0.15–4.42) | 0 (0/26) | 1.04 (2/192; 0.13–3.71) |
| Average | 0 (0/21) | 0.96 (4/417; 0.37–2.44) | 0 (0/84) | 0.77 (4/522; 0.30–195) |
| Total 2013 | - | 10.87 (15/138; 6.21–17.29) | 6.25 (1/16; 0.16–30.23) | 10.39 (16/154; 6.06–16.31) |
| Total 2014 | 12.5 (2/16; 1.55–38.35) | 25.42 (30/118; 17.86–34.26) | 28.57 (12/42; 15.72–44.58) | 25.00 (44/176; 18.79–32.07) |
| Total 2015 | 0 (0/5) | 26.71 (43/161; 20.05–32.24) | 26.92 (7/26; 11.57–47.79) | 26.04 (50/192; 19.99–32.85) |
| TOTAL | 9.52 (2/21; 1.17–30.38) | 20.86 (88/417; 17.24–82.76) | 23.82 (20/84; 15.19–34.35) | 21.07 (110/522; 17.79–24.78) |
-: not collected; +/n: number of positive samples/total number of samples.