Table 2.
Overall effect sizes and stratification by study design features.
| Studies | Population, n | Cohen d (95% CI) | P value | Qw (P value)a | I2 (%) | Qb (P valueb) | ||
| UAIc | N/Ad | |||||||
|
|
All studies at endpoint | 35 | −.32 (−.43 to −.20) | <.001 | 203.32 (<.001) | 83.3 |
|
|
|
|
Studies at endpoint without outliers | 33 | −.21 (−.28 to −.14) | <.001 | 65.08 (<.001) | 50.8 |
|
|
|
|
Partner-specific UAIe,f,g | N/A | ||||||
|
|
|
With main partners | 6 | −.42 (−.57 to −.27) | <.001 | 5.18 (.39) | 3.4 |
|
|
|
|
With nonmain partners | 9 | −.20 (−.27 to −.13) | <.001 | 7.78 (.46) | 0.0 |
|
|
|
Follow-up periodf | N/A | ||||||
|
|
|
Postintervention | 16 | −.22 (−.36 to −.08) | .001 | 48.02 (<.001) | 68.8 |
|
|
|
|
≤3 monthse | 19 | −.21 (−.28 to −.12) | <.001 | 35.92 (.007) | 49.9 |
|
|
|
|
>3 monthse | 6 | −.26 (−.43 to −.08) | .004 | 11.60 (.04) | 56.9 |
|
|
|
Comparison statuse,g | 13.38 (<.001) | ||||||
|
|
|
Concurrent | 19 | −.10 (−.18 to −.03) | .004 | 24.29 (.14) | 25.9 |
|
|
|
|
Preintervention | 14 | −.31 (−.40 to −.23) | <.001 | 18.16 (.15) | 28.4 |
|
| HIV testing | ||||||||
|
|
All studies at end point | 23 | .41 (.28 to .54) | <.001 | 137.43 (<.001) | 84.0 |
|
|
|
|
Studies at end point without outliers | 20 | .38 (.27 to .48) | <.001 | 53.04 (<.001) | 64.2 |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up periodf | N/A | ||||||
|
|
|
Postintervention | 15 | .46 (.38 to .55) | <.001 | 23.49 (.05) | 40.4 |
|
|
|
|
≤3 monthse | 8 | .24 (.09 to .40) | .002 | 12.57 (.08) | 44.3 |
|
|
|
|
>3 months | 1 | .47 (.25 to .69) | <.001 | N/A | N/A |
|
|
|
Comparison statuse,g | 0.42 (.52) | ||||||
|
|
|
Concurrent | 11 | .39 (.25 to .53) | <.001 | 36.67 (<.001) | 72.7 |
|
|
|
|
Preintervention | 9 | .33 (.22 to .44) | <.001 | 9.14 (.33) | 12.4 |
|
| Multiple sex partnership | ||||||||
|
|
All studies at endpoint | 6 | −.26 (−.48 to −.05) | .02 | 12.56 (.03) | 60.2 |
|
|
|
|
Follow-up periodf | N/A | ||||||
|
|
|
Postintervention | 2 | −.18 (−.33 to −.03) | .02 | 0.08 (.78) | 0.0 |
|
|
|
|
≤3 months | 3 | −.19 (−.75 to .37) | .50 | 11.65 (.003) | 82.8 |
|
|
|
|
>3 months | 2 | −.36 (−.56 to −.16) | <.001 | 0.34 (.56) | 0.0 |
|
aQw denotes the degree of within-group heterogeneity.
bQb denotes the degree of between-group difference in the pooled effect sizes.
cUAI: unprotected anal intercourse.
dN/A: not applicable.
eStudies with exclusion of outliers.
fNon-nested groupings: one study could contribute to more than one grouping.
gEffect sizes at the endpoint were pooled.