Figure 7.

Schematic representation summarizing the impacts of PEDV ORF3 on NF-κB and IFN-β signaling cascades. ORF3 is capable of interacting with IKBKB (IKKβ) with no effect on IKBKB and NEMO binding. IKBKB-mediated NF-κB promoter activity is upregulated in the presence of ORF3. On the other hand, ORF3 significantly down-regulates IKBKB- and Poly I:C-mediated IFN-β promoter activity. Further experiments are still needed to verify which signaling intermediates of type I IFN induction pathway are the target of ORF3.