Table 1.
Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Combination Immunotherapy with VEGF Antibodies/Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Phase 1b Trials according to RECIST 1.1.
| Efficacy | Anti-PD-1 Monotherapy (Phase 3 Trial) | Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 plus TKI/Anti-VEGF (Phase 1b Trial) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nivolumab [34] (n = 214) |
Pembrolizumab [36] (n = 278) |
Atezolizumab + bevacizumab [33] (n = 104) |
Pembrolizumab + Lenvatinib [42] (n = 67) |
Camrelizumab + apatinib [44] (n = 18) |
Avelumab + axitinib [45] (n = 22) |
Nivolumab + Lenvatinib [43] (n = 24) |
|
| ORR (95% CI) | 15% | 18.3% (14.0–23.4) | 36% (26–46) | 40.3% (28.5–53.0) | 38.9% | 13.6% (2.9–34.9) | 54.2% (32.8–74.4) |
| DCR (95% CI) | 55% | 62.2% | 71% | 85.1% (74.3–92.6) | 83.3% | 68.2% (45.1–86.1) | 91.7% (73.0–99.0) |
| PFS, months (95% CI) | 3.7 (3.1–3.9) | 3.0 (2.8–4.1) | 7.4 (5.6–10.7) | 9.7 (5.3–13.8) | 7.2 (2.6–NE) | 5.5 (1.9–7.4) | 7.4 (3.7–NE) |
| OS, months (95% CI) | 16.4 (13.9–18.4) | 13.9 (11.6–16.0) | 17.1 (13.8–NE) | 20.4 (11.0–NE) | NR | 12.7 (8.0–NE) | NR |
| DOR, months (M) | 23.3 (3.1–34.5+) | 13.8 (1.5–23.6) | NE (11.7–NE) | 11.0 (5.6–11.0) | NA | 5.5 (3.7–7.3) | NA |
DCR, disease control rate; DOR, duration of response; NA, not available; NE; not evaluable; NR, not reached; ORR, objective response rate (RECIST 1.1); OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-fee survival. TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor.