. 2020 Apr 27;10(5):81. doi: 10.3390/membranes10050081

Table 1.

Mitochondrial concentrations of selected inorganic ions.

	Value	Measuring Technique	Type of Cell	Ref.
pH	7.14	SNARF	pig heart	[32]
	7.8	BCECF	beef heart	[43]
	7.65–8.1	SNARF	beef heart	[33]
	8.0–8.9	DMO distribution	rat heart	[39]
	7.40–7.51	DMO distribution	beef heart	[44]
	7.74–7.95	ratiometric pericam	motor nerve of Drosophila fly larvae	[40]
	7.7	SNARF	canine kidney (MDCK)	[34]
	7.64	YFP (SypHer)	HeLa	[38]
	7.6–8.2	GFP (mtAlpHi)	HeLa	[36]
	7.8	enhanced YFP	human bladder carcinoma	[45]
	7.7–8.2	pH-sensitive GFP	(Jurkat) T lymphocyte and HEK-293	[37]
	7.98	enhanced YFP	HeLa	[46]
	7.91	enhanced YFP	rat cardiomyocytes	[46]
	7.2–7.7	isotope distribution ^‡	rat liver	[47]
	7.2–8.4	[U-¹⁴C]glutamate efflux	rat kidney	[48]
Na⁺	50–113 mM	CoroNa Red	canine kidney (MDCK)	[49]
	5 mM	SBFI	pig heart	[50]
	5.1 mM	SBFI	rat ventricular myocytes	[51]
	5 mM	assumed physiol. value	---------	[52]
K⁺	15 mM	PBFI	isolated rat hepatocytes	[53]
	10–20 mM	PBFI	rat heart	[54]
	20–60 mM ^†	Potentiometric ISE	rat liver	[55]
	150 mM	assumed physiol. value	---------	[52]
Mg²⁺	0.35 mM	Mg²⁺ efflux null-point	rat hepatocytes	[56]
	0.9 mM	Mg²⁺ efflux null-point	beef heart	[57]
	2.4 mM	³¹P-NMR spectroscopy	heterotrophic sycamore	[58]
	0.5 mM	Fura-2	beef heart	[59]
	0.8–1.5 mM	Indo-1 and Fura-2	rat heart	[60]
Ca²⁺	0.22 µM	mito-TN-XXL	motor nerve of Drosophila fly larvae	[40]
	24 µM *	Rhod-FF/Rhod-5N	motor nerve of Drosophila fly larvae	[40]
	0.19–3.34 µM	YC2	HEK-293 and HeLa	[61]
	0.41 µM	aequorin luminescence	bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells	[62]
	183 nM	Indo-1	rat heart	[63]
	0.1–0.6 µM	Indo-1/AM	rat cardiac myocytes	[64]
	0.2–1.1 µM	Indo-1	rat heart	[65]
	0.17–0.92 µM	Fura-2/AM	rat heart	[66]
	0.2–1.8 µM	Fura-2	rat heart	[67]
	0.4–2.1 µM	Fura-2	rat heart myocytes	[68]
	1–5 µM	Fura-2/AM	rat brain	[29]
Cl-	4.2 mM	liquid chromatography	human liver	[69]
Cl-	0.9–22.2 mM	liquid chromatography	human liver	[69]

* axon firing; ^† results originally given in mmol/mg; ^‡ distribution of [¹⁴C]− or [³H]acetate or [¹⁴C]5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione. Abbreviations: AM—acetoxymethyl ester, BCECF—2’,7’-biscarboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, DMO—C-5-5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione, GFP—green fluorescent protein, HEK-293—human embryonic kidney cells, Fura-2—calcium indicator C₂₉H₂₂N₃O₁₄K₅, HeLa—human cervix-carcinoma cells, Indo-1—calcium indicator C₃₂H₃₁N₃O₁₂, MDCK—Madin-Darby Canine Kidney, PBFI—potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate, SBFI—sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate, SNARF—seminaphthorhodafluors fluorescence, YC2—Yellow Cameleon protein, YFP—yellow fluorescent protein.