Table 2.

Overview of in situ cancer vaccines with pros and cons.

Therapy	Pros	Cons	References
Radiotherapy	Depending on dose, can induce immunogenic cell death Can release uncharacterized/ personal tumor antigens Easy to combine with immune checkpoint inhibitors	Will cause ‘late effects’ Elevated risk of cancer due to treatment Destruction of healthy tissue	[46,71,72,73,74,75,76,77]
Chemotherapy	Can cause immunogenic cell death depending on the compound Can suppress specific types of immune suppressive cell populations Easy to combine with immune checkpoint inhibitors Will release uncharacterized/ personal tumor antigens	Overall toxicity Not all chemotherapeutic compounds have the favored immunogenic effect Destruction of healthy cells	[78,79,80,81,82,83,84]
Oncolytic virus	(Engineered to) Specifically target tumor cell Can Cause immunogenic cell death Will release uncharacterized/ personal tumor antigens Easy to combine with immune checkpoint inhibitors Can be engineered to express a tumor antigen or cytokines to modify the tumor micro environment	Anti-viral response can neutralizing the therapy, shortening the window of opportunity, Specialized facilities to monitor patients due to safety concerns	[32,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92]