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Features of the most commonly used separation techniques in mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics.
| CE | GC | LC | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Favorable target metabolites | Polar, charged | Mainly volatile | Non-polar, neutral |
| Sample derivatization | Unnecessary | Required for non-volatile compounds | Unnecessary |
| Number of theoretical plate | 105 ~ 106 | 104 ~ 105 | 104 |
| Separation of structural isomer | High | High | Low |
| Running time | >20 min | 20–40 min | 15–40 min |
| Downstream ionization | ESI | EI, CI | ESI, APCI |
