| DNMT3B | DNA methyltransferase 3B |
| MTSS1 | metastasis suppressor 1 |
| ADAM12 | a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12 |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor beta (β) |
| TGFRs | Transforming growth factor b receptors |
| VEGFC | vascular endothelial growth factor C |
| VEGFR3 | VEGF receptor 3 |
| TIMPs | tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa-beta |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| GAGs | glycosaminoglycans |
| EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| FAK | Focal adhesion kinase |
| UPP | ubiquitination proteasome pathway |
| miRs | microRNAs |
| P-gp | P-glycoprotein 1 |
| ABCB1 | ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 |
| ABCG2 | breast cancer resistance protein |
| PrPC | cellular prion protein |
| TME | tumor microenvironment |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
| CCL2/MCP-1 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2/ monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| HIF-1 | Hypoxia Inducible Factor |
| FOLFIRI | Combination chemotherapy with Irinotecan plus 5-Fuorouracil/leucovorin |
| FOLFOX | Combination chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin plus 5-Fuorouracil/leucovorin |