Fig. 2.

mito-Mendelian genetics influences mitochondrial economy for ATP generation, and thus, can modulate metabolic homeostatic systems that influence cellular response to stimuli. The figure illustrates 2 different nuclear – mtDNA combinations (A^nDNA:A^mtDNA – black; B^nDNA:B^mtDNA – blue), that yield different dedicated electron flow (e- flow) levels (arrow width) for the generation of heat (red), ATP (green) and oxidant (no fill) production. In the example, A^nDNA:A^mtDNA dedicates more e- flow for ATP production relative to B^nDNA:B^mtDNA (pie chart), yet both generate the same levels of ATP (bar graph), indicating a greater mitochondrial economy for the B^nDNA:B^mtDNA combination (less e- flow/ATP produced). Because the B^nDNA:B^mtDNA nuclear-mtDNA combination utilizes less electrons to generate the same amount of ATP (relative to the A^nDNA:A^mtDNA combination), differences are observed in oxidant production and CAC metabolic intermediates under conditions of energy sufficiency.