Table 5.
Complications in Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
| No. of Knees (%) | |
|---|---|
| Minor (class 1a): no additional treatment required | 14 (16.5) |
| Intraoperative lateral hinge fracture type Ib | 14 (16.5) |
| Major (class 2): adverse events requiring additional or extended nonoperative management | 13 (15.3) |
| Intraoperative lateral hinge fracture types II and III | 5 (5.9); 1 type II, 4 type III |
| Superficial infection | 1 (1.2) |
| Implant failure | 7 (8.2) |
| Proximal locking screw breakage | 3 (3.5) |
| Distal locking screw breakage | 4 (4.7) |
| Major (class 3): additional surgery or long-term nonoperative treatment required | 8 (9.4) |
| Overcorrection (with type I fracture) | 1 (1.2) |
| Nonunion (with type II fracture, implant failure) | 1 (1.2) |
| Loss of correction >5° (with type III fracture) | 2 (2.3) |
| Increased posterior tibial slope >10° (with type I fracture) | 2 (2.3) |
| Superficial infection requiring surgery | 1 (1.2) |
| Implant failure: distal locking screw breakage (with tibial fracture) | 1 (1.2) |
| Other complications | |
| Difficulty with inserted screws during hardware removal | 9 (10.6) |
| Increased tibial length >10 mm | 23 (27.1) |
| Patella baja (Caton-Deschamps index <0.6) | 32 (37.6) |