Table 4.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between (poly)phenol intake (total, main classes, subclasses and individual compounds) and adequate sleep quality in overweight/obese individuals.
| (Poly)phenol Quartiles, OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for Trend | |
| Total (poly)phenols | 1 | 1.64 (0.98, 2.73) | 1.13 (0.82, 2.29) | 1.57 (0.86, 2.83) | 0.219 |
| Total flavonoids | 1 | 1.24 (0.73, 2.10) | 1.50 (0.88, 2.55) | 1.69 (0.93, 3.05) | 0.075 |
| Flavanols | 1 | 1.37 (0.73, 2.56) | 1.10 (0.46, 2.60) | 1.37 (0.42, 4.46) | 0.982 |
| Catechins | 1 | 0.88 (0.54, 1.43) | 1.26 (0.74, 2.12) | 1.31 (0.77, 2.24) | 0.114 |
| Flavonols | 1 | 0.89 (0.53, 1.48) | 1.16 (0.71, 1.91) | 1.47 (0.90, 2.40) | 0.183 |
| Quercetin | 1 | 1.55 (0.88, 2.73) | 1.44 (0.83, 2.49) | 1.46 (0.82, 2.60) | 0.180 |
| Kaempferol | 1 | 0.90 (0.53, 1.53) | 0.97 (0.57, 1.63) | 0.93 (0.49, 1.76) | 0.918 |
| Flavanones | 1 | 0.61 (0.37, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.62, 1.61) | 0.82 (0.51, 1.32) | 0.847 |
| Hesperetin | 1 | 0.60 (0.36, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.62, 1.59) | 0.82 (0.51, 1.33) | 0.803 |
| Naringenin | 1 | 0.86 (0.51, 1.43) | 0.77 (0.46, 1.28) | 0.99 (0.59, 1.65) | 0.899 |
| Flavones | 1 | 1.00 (0.61, 1.64) | 0.81 (0.50, 1.33) | 0.89 (0.54, 1.47) | 0.195 |
| Apigenin | 1 | 0.56 (0.33, 0.95) | 0.61 (0.34, 1.07) | 0.53 (0.31, 0.90) | 0.555 |
| Luteolin | 1 | 0.80 (0.47, 1.34) | 0.79 (0.48, 1.30) | 0.88 (0.53, 1.45) | 0.208 |
| Anthocyanins | 1 | 0.84 (0.48, 1.48) | 1.17 (0.69, 1.97) | 1.29 (0.73, 2.27) | 0.155 |
| Isoflavones | 1 | 0.87 (0.53, 1.41) | 0.96 (0.60, 1.53) | 0.91 (0.54, 1.54) | 0.349 |
| Daidzein | 1 | 0.81 (0.50, 1.32) | 0.97 (0.60, 1.55) | 0.84 (0.49, 1.44) | 0.269 |
| Genistein | 1 | 0.80 (0.49, 1.30) | 0.94 (0.58, 1.52) | 0.85 (0.50, 1.43) | 0.286 |
| Biochanin A | 1 | 1.02 (0.58, 1.79) | 1.27 (0.73, 2.23) | 1.45 (0.81, 2.60) | 0.024 |
| Phenolic acids | 1 | 1.35 (0.83, 2.20) | 1.38 (0.83, 2.28) | 1.49 (0.90, 2.45) | 0.079 |
| Hydroxybenzoic acids | 1 | 0.94 (0.58, 1.51) | 1.41 (0.85, 2.35) | 1.06 (0.64, 1.76) | 0.308 |
| Vanillic acid | 1 | 1.04 (0.60, 1.80) | 1.39 (0.80, 2.39) | 1.14 (0.63, 2.04) | 0.324 |
| Hydroxycinnamic acids | 1 | 1.28 (0.77, 2.12) | 0.86 (0.50, 1.47) | 1.03 (0.60, 1.78) | 0.260 |
| Caffeic acid | 1 | 0.69 (0.40, 1.20) | 0.90 (0.52, 1.52) | 0.81 (0.40, 1.62) | 0.860 |
| Cinnamic acid | 1 | 1.22 (0.75, 2.00) | 0.99 (0.58, 1.69) | 1.53 (0.93, 2.51) | 0.195 |
| Ferulic acid | 1 | 0.61 (0.37, 1.00) | 0.92 (0.58, 1.47) | 0.72 (0.42, 1.22) | 0.609 |
| Stilbenes | 1 | 0.99 (0.57, 1.69) | 0.84 (0.46, 1.53) | 0.91 (0.48, 1.72) | 0.555 |
| Lignans | 1 | 1.15 (0.69, 1.91) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.43) | 1.23 (0.73, 2.07) | 0.538 |
| Lariciresinol | 1 | 1.09 (0.66, 1.80) | 0.90 (0.55, 1.47) | 1.30 (0.77, 2.17) | 0.396 |
| Matairesinol | 1 | 0.86 (0.52, 1.44) | 0.84 (0.50, 1.41) | 0.99 (0.58, 1.69) | 0.864 |
| Pinoresinol | 1 | 1.13 (0.69, 1.84) | 0.84 (0.50, 1.41) | 1.11 (0.67, 1.86) | 0.520 |
| Secoisolariciresinol | 1 | 1.02 (0.62, 1.70) | 0.90 (0.54, 1.51) | 1.37 (0.80, 2.33) | 0.342 |
Adjusted for total energy intake (continuous), body mass index (continuous), physical activity (low/medium/high), educational status (low/medium/high), occupational status (unemployed/low/medium/high), smoking status (current/former/never), alcohol consumption (none/moderate/regular), occurrence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemias, cardiovascular disease, cancer (yes/no), and menopausal status (women only, yes/no).