Table 3.
Prevalence of polymorphisms in pfmdr1 and pfcrt before and after introduction of AL in Pakistan
| 2005–2007 (N = 240) [43] | 2007 (N = 28) [44] | 2011 (N = 171) [45] | 2018–2019 (N = 179) [current study] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pfmdr1 N86Y | ||||
| N86 | 43% | 67% | 80% | 77% |
| 86Y | 45% | 33%a | 4% | 16% |
| N86Y (mixed) | 12% | Not stateda | 16% | 7% |
| Pfmdr1 Y184F | ||||
| Y184 | ND | ND | 75% | 83% |
| 184F | ND | ND | 0% | 11% |
| Y184F (mixed) | ND | ND | 25% | 6% |
| Pfmdr1 D1246Y | ||||
| D1246 | ND | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| 1246Y | ND | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| D1246Y (mixed) | ND | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Pfmdr1 CNV | ||||
| Single copy | 99.6% (231/232)b | ND | 100% | ND |
| Multiple copy | 0.4% (1/232)b | ND | 0% | ND |
| Pfcrt K76T | ||||
| K76 | 7% | 0% | 0% | 2% |
| 76T | 93% | 100% | 100% | 91% |
| K76T (mixed) | 0% | 0% | 0% | 7% |
a Proportion of infections containing pfmdr1 86Y, proportion of which were mixed infections not stated
b (n/number of samples successfully analysed)
ND, not determined; CNV, copy number variation