Table 1.
Characteristics of 84,811 pregnant women according to self-reported eating speed.
| Slow | Medium | Relatively Fast | Very Fast | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 15,061 | 34,857 | 30,080 | 4813 | |
| Age, years | 29.8 | 30.7 | 31.0 | 31.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI before pregnancy, kg/m2 | 20.6 | 21.0 | 21.5 | 21.8 | <0.001 |
| Gestational weight gain, kg | 10.1 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 0.03 |
| University or higher education, % | 23.2 | 20.8 | 22.4 | 22.4 | <0.001 |
| Family income < 2 million/y, % | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 5.2 | <0.001 |
| Housewife, % | 28.2 | 29.0 | 26.3 | 23.0 | <0.001 |
| Married, % | 94.6 | 95.3 | 95.5 | 94.9 | <0.001 |
| Nulliparous, % | 48.3 | 39.2 | 40.6 | 42.4 | <0.001 |
| History of macrosomia baby, % | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.006 |
| Never smoker, % | 61.1 | 59.7 | 56.9 | 52.4 | <0.001 |
| Never drinker, % | 54.4 | 54.5 | 56.3 | 56.0 | <0.001 |
| Depression, % | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.9 | <0.001 |
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome, % | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 0.005 |
| Physical activity, Met∙h/day | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.6 | <0.001 |
| Total energy, kcal/day | 1752 | 1750 | 1798 | 1880 | <0.001 |
| White rice, g/day | 272.9 | 281.3 | 292.5 | 305.2 | <0.001 |
| Seafood, g/day | 37.5 | 37.5 | 38.2 | 39.3 | <0.001 |
| Meat, g/day | 68.9 | 69.8 | 74.2 | 81.0 | <0.001 |
| Egg, g/day | 29.6 | 30.4 | 31.9 | 34.5 | <0.001 |
| Coffee, g/day | 101 | 104 | 111 | 118 | <0.001 |
| Green tea, g/day | 165 | 161 | 165 | 182 | <0.001 |
| Milk, g/day | 135 | 127 | 123 | 122 | 0.003 |
| Total dietary fat, g/day | 58.6 | 58.2 | 60.1 | 63.6 | <0.001 |
| Magnesium, mg/day | 233 | 233 | 238 | 246 | <0.001 |
| Total dietary fiber, g/day | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.2 | 11.5 | <0.001 |
| Chocolate, g/day | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.4 | <0.001 |
| Isoflavones, mg/day | 30.6 | 31.2 | 31.6 | 32.8 | <0.001 |
Values are means unless otherwise specified. P values were calculated using ANOVA or the chi-square test for continuous or categorical variables, respectively. BMI: body mass index.