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The mechanism of 2’-FL protection against E. coli O157 infection in the intestine. The tapered arrow indicates a promoting effect, while the flat end indicates an inhibiting effect. Mucoprotein-2, MUC2; short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs; histone deacetylases, HDACs; G protein-coupled receptors, GPRs; nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB.
