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. 2020 Apr 25;12(5):1214. doi: 10.3390/nu12051214

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The effect of decanal on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate–protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) pathway in Hs68 dermal fibroblasts. (A) The time course of decanal-induced intracellular cAMP levels was determined after incubation with either the vehicle or 50 μM decanal for 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. (B) The protein expression of protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKA Cα) was measured after incubation with 50 μM decanal for 30 min. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). Significant differences between decanal and non-stimulated control groups are shown as * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.