Figure 4.

The effect of decanal on the UVB-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in Hs68 dermal fibroblasts. Hs68 cells were treated with either decanal or the vehicle and exposed to UVB. (A) Phosphorylation of MAPK proteins (p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)) and (B) c-Jun and c-Fos (MAPK downstream molecules) were determined. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). Significant differences are indicated as * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.